BIRDWATCHING  IN

PERU

JUL. - AUG.  1997.

ERIK MØLGAARD, JESPER MEEDOM
&
ULRIK ANDERSEN

DANISH  ORNITHOLOGICAL  SOCIETY
BIRDLIFE - DENMARK

Frontpage: Drawing by Jon Fjeldså©			

					
Publisher:

Danish Ornithological Society's Excursion Committee©
Vesterbrogade 140A
1620 Copenhagen
Denmark

Copies of this report can be purchased from :

Danish Ornithological Society's Bookshop
Vesterbrogade 140A
1620 Copenhagen
Denmark

Telephone	+45 31 31 85 63
Fax		+45 31 31 24 35

ISBN  87-90153-22-7

INTRODUCTION.

In July and August 1997, the excursions committee of the Copenhagen chapter of the Danish Ornithological Society (DOF) carried out its first tour to Peru.

The tour was designed to give the participants a good coverage of the most typical habitats and of the biodiversity of the country. We concentrated on four main areas: The arid coastal areas between Lima and Paracas, the high Andes between Lima and Lake Junin, areas in and around the Cusco valley and the famous Manu biosphere reserve.

The time of the year was elected to minimize the amount of rain and we actually succeeded with that and only had few days with rain in the upper tropical zone of Manu biosphere reserve.

The participants were: Ulrik Andersen (UA), Meta Bischoff (MB), Ole Lemming (OL), Jesper Meedom (JM), Ian Max Møller (IMM), Flemming Quist Møller (FQM), Sten Pedersen (SP) and Michael Transborg (MT).

The tour fee was DKK 35,000 which included all transportation, meals, cancellation insurance, tips, local guide and tour leader as well as usual DOF services (meetings, information etc).

The Peruvian currency is called Sole and the exchange rate at the time of our visit was 2½ Sole for one US dollar.

The trip was arranged by Barry Walker’s company “Expediciones Manu”. The company had made a perfect arrangement and Barry himself was our local leader. His detailed knowledge about the areas and his outstanding expertise in bird identification were the main reasons why our birdlist reached 732 species in just three weeks.

This report contains the following:

1. Summary of the journey	2
2. A brief introduction to the localities visited	5
3. A personal diary 	12
4. List of birds	25
5. List of mammals and reptiles.	71

Species observed only by one or two participants are marked in the bird and mammal lists with the initials of the observers in brackets.

I wish to thank Ulrik Andersen and Jesper Meedom for their assistance in writing this report.

Finally, it should not be forgotten that the whole trip was characterised by good companionship and pleasant being together. Again it is a pleasure to look back on a successful DOF tour!

Erik Mølgaard
Lyngborghave 6 1tv,
3460 Birkerød
Denmark
E-mail: 
SUMMARY OF THE JOURNEY.

26.07.97	         -17.30		Copenhagen.
19.15-			Madrid.

27.07.97        	         -03.00		Madrid 
10.35-11.25		Lima.
13.35-17.45		Lomas de Lachay.

28.07.97	         -06.05 		Lima.
06.20-08.50		Pantanos de Villa.
09.45-10.50		Pucusana.
13.00-15.45		Fields near Playa Hermosa.
17.20-17.30		Desert area near Paracas.
18.00-			Pisco.

29.07.97	         -06.30		Pisco.
06.45-15.30		Paracas peninsula.
06.45-11.20 Boattrip to Isla Ballestas.
12.30-15.30 Paracas reserve.
18.30-			Lima.

30.07.97	         -03.00		Lima.
		07.00-12.00		Milloc turnoff.
13.00-13.55		Marcapamacocha Lake.
15.00-16.00		Milloc turnoff  area.
18.45-			Acobamba.

31.07.97	         -05.05		Acobamba.
06.50-12.10		Lake Junin.
15.15-17.15		San Mateo.
20.15-			Lima.

01.08.97	         -06.00		Lima.
07.00-08.00		Cusco.
08.20-12.00		Sacsayhuaman.
12.10-12.50		Cusco.
12.50-15.40		Huacarpay Lakes.
17.35-			Urubamba.

02.08.97	         -04.00		Urubamba.
06.35-17.00		Abra Malaga Pass.
06.35-10.20 Elfin forest north of the Pass.
11.40-15.20 Polylepis Forest.
15.20-17.00 Dry forest south of the Pass.
17.55-			Urubamba.

03.08.97	         -06.25		Urubamba.
06.50-08.00		Ollantaytambo.
09.30-15.00		Machu Picchu.
19.30-			Cusco.

04.08.97	         -04.20		Cusco.
08.05-09.00		Paucartambo.
10.50-10.51		Manu boundary.
         -17.00		Pillihuarta.

05.08.97	         -12.30		Pillihuarta Area.
17.00-			Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

06.08.97	All day		Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

07.08.97	         -06.30	 	Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
14.00-14.20		Pilcopata.
15.20-17.00		Atalaya.
17.20-			Hacienda Amazónia.

08.08.97	         -06.15		Hacienda Amazónia.   
06.30-17.00		Atalaya.
17.15-			Hacienda Amazónia.

09.08.97	All day		Hacienda Amazónia.
10.08.97	All day		Hacienda Amazónia.

11.08.97	         -10.30		Hacienda Amazónia.
17.00-    		Manu Wildlife Centre.

12.08.97	All day		Manu Wildlife Centre.
15.10-17.20 Cocha Blanca.

13.08.97	All day		Manu Wildlife Centre.
06.05-09.40 Macaw lick.
09.45-13.15 Cocha Camunga.
15.00-15.30 Tower near lodge.
15.30-17.35 “The grid”.

14.08.97	All day		Manu Wildlife Centre.
06.15-11.10 Bamboo trail near lodge.
14.30-17.00 Bamboo trail (upriver).
19.15-24.00 Colpa saltlick.

15.08.97	All day		Manu Wildlife Centre.
06.30-11.00 “The Grid”.
15.00-18.00 Trail upriver.
18.15-19.00 Near Lodge
20.00-	        Colpa saltlick.

16.08.97	         -04.00		Colpa saltlick
		04.00-05.45		Manu Wildlife Centre.
08.15-08.55		Boca Manu Airstrip.
09.45-			Cusco.

17.08.97	         -07.00		Cusco.
08.00-11.30      	Lima.

18.08.97	06.00-12.00		Madrid.
15.05-			Copenhagen

DESCRIPTION  OF  LOCALITIES.

LOMAS DE LACHAY
(Lima department, arid subtropical, 200 m, 11.20S 77.25W)

In coastal Peru, a loma is a hill characterized by a vegetation of highly specialized plants capable of extracting water from the mist typical of the desert coast here. Lomas de Lachay is the only protected area containing this habitat and is probably the best area for loma specialities near Lima, lying about 100 km north of the city, east of, and right next to, the Panamerican highway. 

We birded the area from two directions:
First we drove 5 or 6 km northeast along the road to Sayan and hiked north into the dry valley behind a couple of small fields on the left. After a couple of km fairly large cacti become a prominent part of the vegetation. This area is prime habitat for the endemic Cactus Canastero as well as Greyish Miner.
The late afternoon was spent in the area accessible from the Panamerican highway where a sandy access road enters the reserve 2 km north of the Sayan road. This road ends at a picnic site from where a couple of walking trails through loma vegetation can be taken. We took the trail to the view point (from where we could look down into the valley, the distant part of which we had birded earlier). This is prime habitat for the endemic Thick-billed Miner and Raimondi’s Yellow-Finch and Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle is common and conspicuous here.
The last hour before dusk was spent along the access road, the edges of which proved to be excellent for Least Sandgrouse, Tawny-throated Dotterel and the endemic Coastal Miner.

LIMA - PARACAS

We spent a whole day birding our way from Lima to Paracas. The landscape is not particularly attractive, but the better birdings spots along the way provided us with an opportunity for quite a few species we could not have seen elsewhere on the tour. We birded three good localities:

Pantanos de Villa: (12.15S 77W) This locality is a sensation, in the sense that it is a reserve which was saved from development (destruction) by the pressure of local people who are not well off. It is a nice little wetland which is very attractive to birds. It lies between the Panamerican highway and the coast, 14 km south of Lima (km 20). Great Grebe, ducks and egrets are among the common waterbirds, while the reedbeds are good for Many-coloured Rush-Tyrant and Wren-like Rushbird, and Peruvian Thick-knee can be found on the sandy plain between the wetland and the ocean.

Pucusana: (12.30S 76.50W) Pucusana is a fishing village 68 km south of Lima, lying by a small bay well protected by rocky promonteries. Boats can be chartered for a tour of the bay providing good looks at Inca Tern, boobies and cormorants and a chance of Surf Cinclodes.

Playa Hermosa: (13S 76.30W) The agricultural area on the east side of the Panamerican highway at km 140 has areas of brush and flowering bushes and is excellent for seedeaters and hummingbirds, particularly the near-endemic Peruvian Sheartail, Oasis Hummingbird and Purple-collared Woodstar. Birding can be done from a dust road leading into the area, having brush on the left and fields on the right.

PARACAS PENINSULA 
(Ica department, arid subtropical, near sea-level, 13.50S 76.20W)

This famous Peruvian national park lies approximately 320 km south of Lima. The town of Pisco (just north of Paracas) is the natural starting point for a pelagic trip which must go beyond the Islas Ballestas (the guano islands) to be any good for seabirds. These may include Waved Albatross and a variety of storm-petrels. Nesting birds on the guano islands include Inca Tern, Peruvian Booby and three species of cormorant as well as Surf Cinclodes.

On shore, we birded three areas:

Slender-billed Finch: This localized species can be found relatively easily near the road connecting the Panamerican highway with the Pisco-Paracas road, some 10 km south of Pisco. Going west from the highway, after 7 or 8 km you reach a unique and unmistakable habitat consisting of sand dunes with large separate patches of dense scrub, home of the finch.

Paracas Bay: The shoreline between hotel Paracas and the museum is good for Chilean Flamingo, shorebirds and terns. Peruvian Thick-knee occurs near the museum.

Lagunillas: The small bay here (on the southern side of the peninsula) provided good views of Peruvian Tern and Surf Cinclodes.

SAN MATEO 
(Lima province, arid temperate, 3100 m, 11.45S 76.20W)

San Mateo is a town on the dry western slope of the Andes almost 100 km from Lima on the Central Highway. Coming from Lima, the highway follows the northwest side of a valley up through the town. In the upper part of town, a side road (with a bridge) branches off to the right. On the far side of the bridge, a narrow gravel road to the right climbs the hill-side providing access to good dry scrub habitat. In just 1½ hour, we saw five of the six endemics living here: Black Metaltail, Bronze-tailed Comet, Rusty-capped Tit-Spinetail, Canyon Canastero, Striated Earthcreeper (not seen) and Rusty-bellied Brush-Finch.

MILLOC/MARCAPOMACOCHA
(Junin department, puna, 4000-4800 m, 11.30S 76.20W)

This is a truly spectacular area of puna grasslands and bogs nestled between snow-capped peaks. Access to the area is by a gravel road going west from the Central Highway at km 139, signposted for Milloc. After 28 km, the road splits into one going north to Marcapomacocha (and on to Junin) and one going south to Milloc (and on to Lima, this is the Santa Eulalia road which is said to be very good for birds). We birded in three places, the first two of which are both referred to as “Milloc turnoff” in the bird list:

Milloc/Marcapomacocha road split: The gentle slope above the road split is excellent for a variety of puna birds, including the rare White-bellied Cinclodes (we dipped).

Milloc bog: Following the road towards Milloc for 1-2 km from the road split, a valley with boggy areas appears on the right. We walked all the way down this valley to the road for Marcapomacocha where we were picked up by our bus. The stellar attraction of the bog is the almost mythical Diademed Sandpiper-Plover which we were fortunate to see.

Marcapomacocha: This lake - next to the village of the same name, some 30 km north of the road split - is good for high altitude waterbirds (including Giant Coot) and flowering bushes on the nearby slopes attract the endemic Black-breasted Hillstar.

LAKE JUNIN 
(Junin department, puna, 4100 m, 11.05S 76.10W)

This large lake is now formally protected in a national park, but due to heavy pollution caused by the nearby mining activities, it is more than doubtful if the endemic Junin Grebe can be saved. We had the great luck to see one from shore (north of Ondores) - normally this requires a boat trip. To hire a boat, try the local national park administration.

Both the lake and the adjacent wet meadows along the southwest shore as well as the dry fields above and the extensive areas of puna grass harbour a good selection of birds, including Puna Plover, Andean Avocet, pipits and sierra-finches.  

CUSCO 
(Cusco department, arid temperate, 3300 m, 13.30S 72W)

Almost all visitors spend one or more days here, both to see the many local historical attractions and because the city is the starting point for trips to Machu-picchu and the Amazon. The best place for birds within the city limits is the gardens and small fields along the road up to the Inca fortress of Sacsayhuaman, where the endemic Chestnut-breasted Mountain-Finch can be seen.

HUACARPAY LAKES 
(Cusco department, arid temperate, 3400 m, 13.35S 71.40W)

The Huacarpay Lakes lie in the Cusco Valley about 50 km southeast of the city. The lakes are home to a variety of widespread waterbirds. However, the main attractions are the endemic Bearded Mountaineer and Rufous-fronted Canastero which can be seen in nearby shrubs (the former being attracted by flowering tobacco trees). Streak-fronted Thornbird is another goodie, but is quite difficult to get a decent look on.

MACHU-PICCHU 
(Cusco department, humid subtropical, 2200-2600 m, 13.10S 72.30W)

The “lost” Inca city of Machu-picchu is by far the most popular tourist attraction in Peru, and with good reason. The ruins are very interesting, and above all, their setting just could not be more spectacular. Machu-picchu is reached by train from Cusco. The ruins and their immediate surroundings are not particularly attractive to birds, although the endemic Inca Wren occurs in the bamboo thickets. A walk down the rails along the river from Machu-picchu station will take you into subtropical forest edge habitat where a wide range of species is possible, including Torrent Duck, Andean Cock-of-the-rock and the endemic Green-and-white Hummingbird.

ABRA MALAGA 
(Cusco department, temperate/puna, 3500-4100 m, 13.10S 72.20W)

Abra Malaga is the spectacular pass on the road from Cusco to  Quillabamba. The ascent on the near side of the pass is through dry fields and scrub-land. The pass lies at about 4100 m. Descending from the pass on the far side (from Cusco), you enter fine elfin forest, then humid temperate forest and eventually subtropical forest. The forest is more or less intact for some 20 km, and several days are well worth spending here if time permits. We only had one day and concentrated our efforts in three areas (mainly the first two):

Elfin forest: The uppermost humid temperate forest (3500-3700 m) is rather stunted and is called elfin forest. This is the most accessible elfin forest in southeast Peru. While birding from the road here, we recorded quite a few exciting species, e.g. Andean Ibis (overhead), Pale-footed Swallow, Parodi’s Hemispingus (endemic), Puna Thistletail (endemic) and Golden-collared Tanager.

Polylepis forest: Returning to the Cusco side of the pass, a few polylepis trees appear on the top op the low ridge on the right-hand side of the road. These trees form the edge of a small polylepis forest (3800-4100 m) on the slope behind the ridge. We walked up to the trees and birded our way down through the polylepis forest and the valley beyond and were picked up by our bus on the road at the bottom of the valley. The polylepis is home to several rare and endangered birds such as Royal Cinclodes (we dipped), Ash-breasted Tit-Tyrant and White-browed Tit-Spinetail, in addition to more widespread polylepis specialists such as Stripe-headed Antpitta, Tawny Tit-Spinetail and Giant Conebill. 

Scrubs on the dry slope: The scrubs on the dry (Cusco) side of Abra Malaga at about 3200-3700 m are home to several endemics: White-tipped Sunbeam, Creamy-crested Spinetail and Chestnut-breasted Mountain-Finch.

MANU BIOSPHERE RESERVE

The Manu Biosphere Reserve and the similar habitat just outside it were the main destination of the tour. Manu is one of the most fantastic natural treasures in the world with continuous forest cover from treeline to the Amazonian basin. The reserve is huge - half the area of Switzerland - and is home to an astonishing 1000 species of birds. 

Most of the reserve is closed to visitors so we mostly birded the (identical) habitats along the edge of the reserve. We covered the temperate, subtropical and upper tropical zones from the (very rough) road from Paucartambo to Pilcopata, the lower tropical foothill zone around Hacienda Amazónica across the Madre de Dios river from Atalaya and the Amazon rainforest around the Manu Wildlife Centre, most of a day down river from Atalaya. The latter locality is in Madre de Dios department, the rest in Cusco department.

The division of the east Andean slope into zones varies from area to area due to local climatic conditions. In the below, the following division is assumed (Chapman median values):

Temperate zone:       	above  2400 m
Subtropical zone:     	1500 - 2400 m
Tropical zone:    	below  1500 m 

The distinction between upper and lower tropical zone is a distinction between the Amazonian lowlands and the Andean foothills and is thus dependent on local topography rather than climatic conditions. Typically, this boundary is somewhere between 600 and 900 m.

Manu temperate zone: (13.15S 71.30W) About 30 km from Paucartambo you reach the limit of the Manu reserve, marked by a sign. The altitude here is about 3300 m. The elfin forest along the road is not intact and therefore not as good for birds as the elfin forest below Abra Malaga so we descended rather quickly to the higher temperate forest slightly below 3000 m. From here we walked along the road to the former settlement of Pillihuarta at 2600 m where we camped. The next day, we walked along the road from here down to the uppermost subtropical forest at 2400 m where we had a picnic lunch. This is about as far as one can get with an ordinary car.

The temperate forest is wonderful and we had it to ourselves. Among the birds we recorded here were Andean Guan, Grey-breasted Mountain-Toucan, Blue-banded Toucanet, Marcapata Spinetail, Red-and-white Antpitta, Rufous-bellied and Streak-throated Bush-Tyrants, Inca Flycatcher and not least Greater Scythebill, an almost mythical bird which very few birders have seen.

Manu subtropical zone: (13.05S 71.25W) Further along the road from Paucartambo lies the tiny settlement of San Pedro, including the Cock-of-the-rock Lodge, a basic but very nice lodge at an altitude of about 1600 m (lower subtropical). Excellent birding can be found right next to the lodge, as well as above and below it along the road.

A few hundred meters from the lodge is a hide from which one can enjoy a Cock-of-the-rock lek at close quarters. Yungas Manakin can also be observed from the hide. 

Small paths enables birding in the forest next to the lodge towards the river. In the forest here we recorded several interesting species, e.g. Wattled Guan, Slaty Gnateater and Chestnut-breasted Wren.

Up-slope from the lodge, around 1900 m, is a stretch of road where you have a good view of the ridge across the valley followed by the road. This is an excellent area for raptors, foremost among which are Solitary and Black-and-chestnut Eagles. In the same general area several other interesting species were observed, e.g. Grey-mantled Wren, Highland Motmot, Ashy-headed Tyrannulet and Lemon-browed Flycatcher.

Manu upper tropical zone: (13.05S 71.20W) After our second night at the lodge, we walked down the road (towards Pilcopata) through the lowermost subtropical forest to the upper tropical zone in dense fog. One great aspect of birding along this road is that there is plenty of excellent forest left in the upper part of the upper tropical zone (1000-1500 m), which is quite rare in the Andes today. Due to the lousy weather on the day of descent through this altitudinal range, birding was not too great - e.g., very few tyrannulets could be identified through the mist. Among the birds that were recorded by all or part of the group were some goodies after all, e.g. Highland Motmot, White-capped Dipper, Blue-browed Tanager, Cerulean-capped Manakin and Bronzed Euphonia.

Manu lower tropical zone: 2 widely separated areas were visited. They are described separately below.

Hacienda Amazónia: (12.50S 71.20W) This former tea plantation, lying across the Madre de Dios river from Atalaya at the end of the side road leaving the Paucartambo - Shintuya road at Pilcopata, is now a very nice lodge providing access to both primary and secondary forest from 500 to 800 m at the boundary between the Amazonian lowlands and upper tropical foothills. This boundary zone has a very rich birdlife which we studied in 3 places:

The hills (600-800 m) above Atalaya (i.e. along the last stretch of the road) are covered in disturbed (upper tropical) forest with patches of bamboo and scattered habitations. Here we saw a.o. Slaty-backed Forest-Falcon, Blue-headed Macaw, Rufous-capped Nunlet, Flammulated Bamboo-Tyrant, Scarlet-hooded Barbet, Fine-barred Piculet and Pheasant Cuckoo.

The ridge (500-700 m) above the lodge is covered in primary forest, but birding is difficult, partly because the trail climbing it is steep, slippery and narrow. We kept to the lowest part, following a trail along the ridge. Among the birds recorded here were the endemic Koepcke’s Hermit, Olive Tanager and Tawny-faced Gnatwren. From the lodge, Military Macaw and White Hawk were seen along the ridge. One person (FQM) climbed the ridge on his own and was rewarded with a pair of curassows.

The flood plain around the lodge is covered in a mixture of primary and secondary growth. There is also an oxbow lake and a small marsh. The plain is exceptionally rich in birds and can be birded at leisure from jeep tracks and footpaths. Among the many exciting species recorded here were Agami Heron, Buckley’s Forest-Falcon, Long-tailed Potoo (on nest), Rufous-vented Ground-Cuckoo, Fiery-capped Manakin, Johanne’s Tody-Tyrant and a pletora of antbirds.

Manu Wildlife Centre: (12.25S 70.45W) Almost 200 km down the Madre de Dios river from Atalaya, this new lodge is ideally situated for the birder because of the proximity of a wide range of microhabitats. The birdlist - after less than 2 years of operation - is well above 500 species. With time, it seems very likely that it will take over the position of Explorer’s Inn which currently has the longest single-site birdlist in the world. The Manu Wildlife Centre is somewhat less costly than the Manu Lodge, the only accommodations actually within the reserve, and much better when it comes to bird diversity, although the Manu Lodge is the only place where the endemic Black-faced Cotinga is (nearly) guaranteed. 

Immediately surrounding the lodge are two rich rainforest microhabitats: terra firme and transitional floodplain forest (intermediate between terra firme and varzea). The terra firme can be birded from several long trails, one of which leads to a clay lick used by Brazilian Tapir. Terra firme (also known as high forest) is rather difficult to bird, but harbours prize birds such as Pavonine Quetzal which is fairly common here and diversity is impressive. 

The transitional flood plain forest can be birded at leisure near the Manu Wildlife Centre, where a grid of trails has been laid out in a 2 x 1 km area, with trails every 200 m along both axis. We saw a great many species from the grid, of which perhaps Razor-billed Curassow, Ashy-throated Gnateater, Plain Softtail and a Band-tailed Manakin lek were the most noteworthy.

Less than half an hour down-river from the lodge, the south bank of the river is used as a clay lick by thousands of parrots. Spending a morning here in the floating hide operated by the lodge is a memorable experience indeed. The sight of more than 150 Red-and-green Macaws is not easily forgotten!

On the north side of the river, slightly downstream from the lick, is a trail through sand forest. This is the best area near the lodge for Black-faced Cotinga (we dipped) and Purus (Chestnut) Jacamar. Pale-winged Trumpeter and White-browed Purpletuft were recorded here. The trail passes an oxbow lake (Cocha Camunga, after which the trail is named), which is often used by a family group of Giant Otters.

The Cocha Blanca is another good spot for Giant Otter. The lodge operates a raft here. While slowly sailing around the lake, a number of birds can be seen, e.g. Black-collared Hawk, Pygmy Kingfisher, Band-tailed Antbird and (if lucky) Pale-eyed Blackbird, and of course the chances of Giant Otter are good.

We visited three bamboo trails. One is on a large river island close to the lodge. This trail is good for a.o. Peruvian Recurvebill and Ihering’s Antwren. Another trail is known as the “old” bamboo trail, half an hour by boat downriver from the lodge. This is the best spot for Rufous-headed Woodpecker, Scarlet-hooded Barbet and Rufous-fronted Antthrush. The third bamboo trail is a bit further down the river and up a tributary which was difficult to navigate because the water was so low. This trail is so new, it is hardly a trail (yet), but to the birder it is a must because of its White-cheeked Tody-Tyrants and Brown-rumped Foliage-gleaners.

A PERSONAL DIARY  by Jesper Meedom.

July 27th
We flew from Copenhagen to Lima with Iberia, with a long stop in Madrid from where we left in the middle of the night. We flew in above the snow-clad crests of the Andes and landed in the clouds of Lima. We were received by our skilled and good-humoured guide, Barry Walker, an Englishman who had emigrated to Peru some fifteen years ago and now lives a life that seems ideal for an English birdwatcher as he runs a pub in Cusco and a trekking and wildlife travel agency covering the High Andes and the Manu National Park. We immediately set out for birdwatching, heading north out of Lima along the pan-American highway. Lima has some 7 million inhabitants, which is almost a third of the people living in Peru, and we went through endless shantytowns on the desert hills, almost all the houses flying the Peruvian flag. We went for the Lomas de Lachay area with a habitat of plants, bushes and even trees that thrive in the desert although it never rains as they draw moisture from the coastal mist that covers these hills for  most of the year. The reserve preserves the habitat and is an outing resort for people from Lima. We searched a dry desert valley with the slopes covered in low branching cacti and the Reserva Nacional itself where the lomas were mostly dry with only a few green bushes and flowering plants. The high season is November and this year had been exceptionally dry. We found the traditional endemics of the area and we had a flock of the nomadic and erratic Raimondi's Yellow-finch. When we left in the evening we found a flock of Least Seedsnipe by the roadside. More seedsnipes came flying in, and some sang in display.

July 28th
After a night in a villa-like hotel in the fashionable Miraflores district of Lima, we set out for an excursion to the Paracas peninsula. Today's plan was to move slowly south, stopping at various habitats along the road. We started at Pantanos de Villa which is a marsh that the ever-growing Lima has encroached upon. Watered by streams from the mountains the greenery of the marshes is a stark contrast to the barren deserts. The marshes has been made a park or reserve with a visitor's centre and birdwatching towers though urban development plans still put pressure on the site. There are lakes with reedbeds and many waterfowl on the surface such as Great Grebe with young. Our next stop was the fishing village of Pucusana where we hired a small boat to take us around the harbour looking at the seabirds. Fish restaurants were found along the road, and we tried cebiche for lunch which is raw fish marinated in lime with which you are supposed to take a drink with lime and fish stock in, that tastes very fishy. The landscape along the road is barren gravel desert without a single straw, alternating with the oases which are valleys irrigated from seasonal streams from the mountains. A hazy sun was burning. We stopped in a landscape of fields and hedgerows where lots of seedeaters flocked in an abandoned maize field. They were difficult to get a good view of and most of them were youngs and females but we had the various species of the area identified - also the Dull-coloured Seedeater of which even the males look like the females of all the others. Other species included the Peruvian Sheartail, a hummingbird with elongated tail-shafts longer than the bird itself. Our last stop was near Pisco in an area of sandy dunes and scattered groups of bushes where we saw Slender-billed Finch, a species restricted to this special habitat.

July 29th
We spent the night in Pisco. As yesterday was Peru's Independence Day there was fun in the streets with noise all night and everybody in town getting drunk. We sailed out from the nearby harbour from where cruises to the Ballestas Islands are arranged. The morning was cloudy. Outbound we passed the islands leeward in the rank smell of guano. First we concentrated on seabirds and went further out. A few of the stocky Peruvian Diving-petrel passed our boat. Formerly they were abundant on the bird islands off Peru, but the population never recovered after the crash caused by the large El Niño in the early eighties, and the species is now endangered. This year, a strong El Niño was coming up again. Water temperatures were reported as four degrees above normal, unusual fish species were reported from the waters, the sun shone in the afternoon where normally the mist would stay all day, and on the east side of the Andes the weather was unusually dry. Newspapers were commemorating the disasters from the latest El Niño and predicted that this year northern Peru would be haunted again. We looked out for unusual bird species and were rewarded by several Waved Albatross from Galapagos - heavy strong-billed albatrosses that normally stay further north.

We returned towards the islands. Peruvian Booby was numerous. The islands were dotted with boobies all over and flocks had been flying out all morning. Now it seemed time for the cormorants to go out as an endless band of Guanay Cormorants numbering tens of thousands passed by. They came down from the cliffs of the islands and joined the band going outwards. Small flocks of sea lions approached the boat - heads and bodies suddenly popping out of the water around us. At the Ballestas we passed between the islands into a wonderful scenery of grottos caved into the rocks by the sea and canals undermining the islands leaving spans of rocky bridges. On the steep rocks the Humbolt Penguins dozed, adults and a few fat young with their violet-brownish downs fluttering from the back. Penguins were few compared to the other seabirds. The caves were the place to find Red-legged Shag and the elegant Inca Terns with the curled moustache feathers. Despite the upcoming El Niño, both boobies, terns and penguins had fledged or near-fledged youngs. 

In the afternoon we visited the reserve on the Paracas peninsula. A shallow bay is a site for the famous flocks of wintering North American wading birds, but now only the vanguard had arrived. Out in the bay the Peruvian Boobies cooperated in fishing as they persued a shoal of fish, first by dive-attacks, later by fishing from the surface, then stopping as the fishes had escaped, and spreading out until the shoal was discovered and the attacks repeated. We rested by a rocky beach, where the tide had undermined the rocks so  a Seaside Cinclodes could peek at us through a hole in the rock. We had a three-hour drive back to Lima.

July 30th
We left the hotel at 3 in the morning for the high mountains. Some took a nap in the bus with their inflatable sleepover pillows around their neck. As we ascended the pillows swolled due to the falling pressure and woke their victims up with a stranglehold. We followed the "Central Highway" leading from Lima inland, climbing steeply to a pass at 4.800 meters at Chinchan. From there we took a gravel road into the mountains to a road split known as the Miloc turn-off. There we had our packed breakfast. We froze though we wore all the winter clothes we had carried with us while we held the cups with coca tea inside our hands to get a little warmth for our fingers. The sun rose above a magnificent puna landscape: slopes in yellow, red and green alternating with grey rocky walls, a single snowclad crest with its glaciers towered behind, and frozen bogs with bunchgrass in the bottom of the valley. Silence. A few tiny birdsounds were heard somewhere out in the huge frozen scenery. We went for a walk. We had Olivaceous Thornbill, a montane hummingbird that has to sit on the ground to feed on its tiny crimson flowers. Ground-tyrants were numerous and with a telescope the different species could be readily identified - resident species as well as austral migrants from Patagonia that spend their winter up here. The sudden transfer from sea level to 4.800 meters drained us from strength with some having to sit down and relax at intervals, while some had to stay by the bus with altitude sickness. We went on to a valley, where we left the bus and descended slowly along streams and through bogs to be picked up at the turn of the road at the far end. The equatorial sun had come up high and turned winter into summer. We found the extraordinary and confident Diademed Sandpiper-plover by a small stream as it first moved around between the tussocks close to us, then walked away and disappeared in the swamps.

We had lunch by the Marcapomacocha Lake at 4.400 meters looking at waterbirds. On the hills by a police checkpoint - they are at many places in Peru, also on little sideroads in the high mountains - we found a male Black-breasted Hillstar feeding in the flowering scrub on the hill. The drive in the evening took us through a mining district of ugly towns with depressing worker’s barracks and scarred landscapes with fenced pits and lakes of unsound colours. We stayed in Acobamba, a simple Andean village with adobe houses and carved wooden doors where old women in large hats were walking in the streets while working on their knittings. Our hotel was remarkably nice with hot water and clean rooms. We had guineapigs in a small restaurant across the street. They are fat and taste like sucking pig and have to be eaten with the fingers, so you get very greasy. We went to sleep to the sound of a soccer game on the television in the reception where a lot of people were watching and shouted enthusiatically while a brass band was walking up and down the road and played. At one in the night, the television was still on full volume while the staff in the reception were sleeping around it.

July 31st
Out through the deserted streets of Acobamba in darkness where our driver hardly could find a soul to ask for directions. We went through the darkest Peru and approached lake Junín at daybreak through a landscape of grassy fields with Puna Ibises in the ditches. The lake is large and shallow and lies at an altitude of 4.100 meters and we drove along the extensive brown sedgebeds streching so far that you couldn't see the water. Muddy pans, smaller ponds and plenty of waterfowl by the road. Lake Junín is the only site of the endangered Junín Grebe, a flightless species threatened by pollution from the mines and schemes of turning the lake into a drinking water reservoir for Lima causing ruinous fluctuations in water level. Two threats that would seem mutually incompatible. We met posters depicting the Junín Grebe and claiming lake Junín as a reserve. We arrived at the village Ondores where we got in contact with local frog-hunters in the coffee-shop "Panorama". Here we had coffeee for our pack lunch while we enjoyed the wall paintings of the Junín Grebe, the photos of the wildlife including the hideous frogs, and a stuffed specimen of the endemic Junín Rail that live in the sedges and noone sees. A boat had once been available in the lake, but had sunk last year. A new aluminuium boat had been brought up but still awaited an appointment with a truck to become launched. In this impasse our only means of navigating the lake was by being poled out one by one in the frog-hunter's barge. This would take the whole day and we had reservations about the entire project as we debated the possibilities of dropping people out in the rushes. Then we set out for the lake. From a cliff we had a fine overview of a part of the lake surface with sedge islets and waterbirds spread all over. Take a look at this Grebe! We all queued up behind the only telescope we had brought and waited for unendurable moments when the Grebe had submerged and the guy in front couldn't find it. At last, my turn, and yes! this was the Junín Grebe! It dived once more and we didn't see it again. As everybody keen on taking the barge had seen the species we called the arrangement off  and spent the rest of the morning overlooking the lake and studying the many waterbirds. 

Then we drove back towards Lima. In the barren highlands we had several flocks of the graceful Vicuñas. At one place where a flock of Vicuñas gallopped off, they flushed a pair of Ornate Tinamou. We descended where we passed yesterday night along a dramatic road with tunnels and cliffs and gorges with towering walls. We had time left for some birdwatching so in the village of San Matéo (3.300 meters) we turned off along a dirtroad crossing the river. The western slope of the Andes facing the desert is dry and mostly clad in shrub. These habitats hold a number of endemic bird species that we now had a perfect chance to look for. The afternoon's walk in a dry landscape of flowering bushes produced a number of good species. We had perfect views of the Black Metaltail, a black hummingbird with irridiscent red tail hovering around a bush in flowers as well as other west-slope specials.

The approach to Lima was slow due to traffic congestions and the hazardous driving of the road travellers. Peru is certainly an unfortunate country with many inhabitants living harsh lives. However, I believe you could also notice an atmosphere of a country having left the worst behind and heading for something better. Erik having been to Peru ten years ago could hardly recognize the country with its well-assorted shops, plentyful restaurants, nice hotels and good roads. The reserves and the many people going on outings at sites we visited also presented a new aspect. The presidency of Fujimori seems the single most important change though the newspapers on our side of the planet concentrate on his bad sides - and certainly they are there. At the time being an uproar took place as it seemed his identity papers had been falsified to turn him peruvian born and that his presidency might not be legal. Police checks were common on the road and were a nuisance but not a problem. Anyway, they are part of the curtailment of terrorism, though the logic of always stopping our bus but never private cars wasn't obvious. Now Peru is as safe a country as most - if you stay away from areas controlled by narcotics gangs - and the terrorists still claimed of political significance in newspapers at home may not be much more than bankrobbers claiming superior motives for their crimes.

August 1st
We left our hotel in Miraflores at four in the morning having one person rescued from the toilet with a jammed lock by means of a crowbar in the last moment. The flights for Cusco all leave very early as clouds make landing later in the day hazardous. Erik jumped the line at the check-in walking in front with an innocent question if this was the group check-in. We spent the morning in Cusco sightseeing. The main attraction is the ruins of the inca castle Sacsayhuaman that lie on a hill commanding Cusco. We had no guide with us, so we walked around by ourselves and had our imagination explain what we saw. What is first of all impressive is the enormous boulders that has been fitted into each other like a jigsaw-puzzle that form a saw-tooth shaped defensive wall that must have required inconceivable work and organisation to erect. From Sacsayhuaman you have a splendid view over Cusco town with it's brown tiled roofs and it's many cathedrals and monasteries.

In the afternoon we visited lake Laga Huarcapay in the Cusco valley. There are reedbeds and flooded meadows with some waterbirds. The target species is the peculiar hummingbird Bearded Mountaineer which is found on the dry slopes surrounding the lake. Bushes with yellow flowers were in bloom all over and the area was packed with agressive Sparkling Violetear that chased each other and anything else away. We found two Mountaineers that took up the fight and whirled around in the air together with the Violetears in pursuits with alternating victims and persuers, the white tailfeathers of the Mountaineer flashing in the manouvres. In the afternoon we descended to Urubamba village in the neighbouring "Sacred" valley following a scenic road along the Rio Urubamba. Terraces on the slopes probably built by the incas were farmed, ploughed with oxes drawing a wooded plough or harvested with a sickle. We stayed at the cosy and quiet Pension Hammer run by an old German lady.

August 2nd
We set out at four and drove across the pass of Abra Malaga at 4.100 meters. A starlit night, a powder of fresh snow in the pass, the shepherd's stone fences with lamas and sheep packed together for the chilly night, the first morning sun on the peak of Veronica, 5.800 meters, clad in eternal snow and sparkling glaciers. We continued down to the timberline on the wet east slope. The habitat here is elfin forest with broadleaved bushes and small trees covered with lichens. We walked slowly down the road birdwatching followed at distance by our bus ready to pick us up. We had a fine morning. Birds included several species of gorgeous mountain-tanagers, and in one party of them also the local Parodi's Hemispingus. Other birds included a Purple-backed Thornbill flashing lilac as it fed on lilac flowers and a flock of honk'ing Andean Ibis that circled in the sky.

We returned to the Abra Malaga pass to visit the Polylepis forest. This is a dwarf forest of gnarled trees with flaking bark and tiny leaves, now found as relict patches well above what was considered the timberline. Scientists now believe that Polylepis was the original vegetation at this altitude, but as the High Andes have in historical times been densely populated the Polylepis has been burnt and cleared and only survives in scattered enclaves in inaccessible places. The birds of the habitat are now confined to tiny patches of forest each holding rather few territories, and some species are on the verge of extinction. To get to the forest you start climbing a ridge which is hard work at this altitude. From there you can walk down a valley of which the upper part is Polylepis and be picked up by the bus way down where the road curves back. We zig-zagged slowly down through the forest until we found a bird party: the pretty White-browed Tit-spinetails acrobatically searching the branches, the richly yellowish Tawny Tit-spinetail, the Ash-breasted Tit-tyrant flashing the white wingpatterns in its flitter and the funny Giant Conebill that nuthatch-like works around on the flaking bark of the trees. Strange to encounter such a unique concentration of species from the World List of threatened Birds of all degrees of rarity up to critically endangered. Nowadays endangered birds are cared for. This site is described in books and talked worriedly about by important people. Reserves are declared and plans for actions are decided. Naive birdwatchers from the other side of the globe contribute money to projects that give kerosene stoves to local indians to deter them from cutting the remains of forest. But as we walked through this tiny, globally important key conservation site the sound of the axe rang in the air and we saw woodpiles that testified wholesale destruction. So though resources invested in the birds by far exceed the value of the wood, nothing halts their extinction, as the stoves can be sold and the wood is still there for fire. We were rained down from the forest and spent the rest of the afternoon looking for dry slope specials in the bushland below.

One species we didn't see today was the Condor that we missed our last chance to see. They are around, but are not numerous, and we just didn't have the luck.

In Ollantaytambo we stopped at the inca ruins of terraces. On top is a temple, the construction of which was halted by the conquest. The quarry could be seen on the other side of the river and a boulder on it's way to the site was left at the roadside when the empire fell. The incas diverted the river to allow the stones to be transported. The incas conquered all the world they knew and were themselves conqured by a world they didn't know of. An intriguing encounter of a few men driven by personal adventure and greed who toppled an empire of an amazing organisation from the top down to the people who spent their lives fitting boulders. Ollantaytambo has streets with inca pavements and deep gutters and adobe houses build on the inca stone bases with a signboard on all of them advertising Coca-Cola.

August 3rd
The ruins of Machu Picchu are reached by train. We waited at Ollantaytambo station while looking at a South American River Otter that caught fishes in the river and brought them up upon a stone where it devoured them holding the prey between the paws biting it with the sharp teeth. The train ride is scenic as you pass along the whirling Urubamba River and the landscape changes from montane heath with cactus and bromelias into woodland of rainforest trees hung with lichens. A bus takes the visitors up atop the mountains to the site. The ruins consist of terraces that have probably been used for sacred crops, ordinary living quarters and more outstanding temples built in jig-saw fitted stones. Particular structures as a round temple and a strange cave stands out. Many myths and little certainty constitute the story of the place. We were guided by Barry who knew a lot of inca ruins, and seemed somewhat half-hearted about the famous Machu Picchu that he thought of as too reconstructed and advertized compared to so many other sites that are more inspiring and for a similar investment could be turned into something as worth seing. What is really splendid about Machu Picchu is its outstanding environs of sugar loaf mountains clad in cloud forest. The special bird of the place is the Inca Wren, first described in 1985 despite living in the most visited place in South America, that we had a hard time to find as its habitat, the bamboo, had been seeding and was gone. Trekkers who had walked the famous "inca trail" came in, their backpacks and gear carried by rows of indians.

In the afternoon we took a walk by the river. A family of Torrent Duck got separated by a rapid, the one duckling trowing itself into the whirlpool and succeded in getting across to the parents, the other one not daring and starting out on a long detour. Our first encounter with forest birds was disappointing as we had to leave many  unidentified, but at least we got the local Green-and-White Hummingbird on the list. A small viper by the trail was claimed to be the famous Fèr-de-lance. We took the train back to Cusco where we spent the night.

August 4th
We set out at four taking a minor road through the mountains. We had a sleep on the bus and woke up to face an oncoming truck as we stopped on a narrow shelf with a dramatic precipice right down. Well, it had the obligation to back. We passed through dry valleys with farms and fine houses alternating with mountain passes with hairpin bends that you could see winding way down the slope beneath. We had breakfast in the nice town of Paucartambo, with a picturesque old bridge spanning the river and women wearing yet another local style of broad hats. Here we bought spare batteries as we wouldn't meet electricity for the next twelve days. I remember someone asking whether we could stop at a photo shop further on as he had run out of film... 

We birdwatched a little by the road in the dry valleys and then crossed the final pass across the watershed into Manu National Park. We entered at an altitude of 3200 meters into what seemed an open and degraded elfin forest, and continued slowly down the road as the landscape turned into temperate forest. More than 900 species have been recorded from Manu so expectations were high, but the afternoon didn't produce much.

We ended up at 2800 meters where our tents were pitched at the roadside. At sunset our bus took us a little up the road and dropped us for nightbirding and then went back to Cusco, as we were to go on with another vehicle tomorrow. We enjoyed the view of the endless wilderness as Sten got uneasy and started asking if anyone had seen his binoculars and slowly realized that they were on the bus for Cusco leaving him for twelve days in the place in the world most rich in birds without means to watch them. As he had been on the rack for long enough he had his binoculars handed over as the last person leaving the bus had seen them left behind on his seat. We walked back to the tents listening for Swallow-tailed Nightjar without result. It started to rain.

August 5th
Throughout the night the rain had been drumming on the tent canvas and we woke up to a soaking wet morning to wash ourselves by a rain water stream. We walked down the road in the dripping forest trying to discern birds in the dense fog. The understory was rich in chusquea bamboo forming a thick cover where birds as Three-striped Hemispingus go. Soon the sun broke through and the fog disappeared. The further we descended the slope, the richer the forest. By a hairpin bend around 2500 meters with a small waterfall coming down a vertical black-wet cliff we had a view looking down upon large trees with mossy branches covered with bromeliads. In a flock of birds we spotted a Greater Scythebill working on a mossy main branch in the canopy of a large tree. Then it dropped down and disappeared. A rare bird with scattered records along the temperate Andes, I believe most from last century collectors or taken by mistnet. Barry couldn't think of anybody he had heard of having seen this species. The morning was fine with birds all the time. At one place by the road where we could look down into the treecrowns we had a large party of birds that stayed in the same area so that we had time to see everything in the flock. We counted 22 species, among them Inca Flycatchers.

Manu national park and the surrounding buffer zones cover an area of pristine forest habitat on the east slope of the Andes more than the size of Denmark. Larger parks are claimed in Brazil, but we were told they are paper constructions being cattle ranges for most parts. Manu covers the headwaters of Rio Manu and all altitude zones from the timberline down to the lowland rainforest which is why it holds such an unbelievable number of species. One road follows the boundary of Manu and leads to some mining communities further down. The road is narrow and traffic is regulated so that you are allowed to go downMonday, Wednesday and Friday and up Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. Rules are undefined Sundays and are not always kept, but at least they define who is to do the backing. We had changed vehicle to a specially built bus with truck-like underparts that rocked and swayed like a ship while negotiating the rough road. The elevated seats and the swaying movements made the steeps along the road look even more dramatic. We spent the days walking birdwatching along the road and being picked up by the vehicle and taken further down. With us we had the driver and a cook, and we had nice lunches prepared at a small picnic table and rations of fruit and chocolate were also included in the provisioning. 

In the afternoon birds were not as cooperative as in the morning, as most flocks were above us, but we had the Tyrannine Woodcreeper that flycatches from its scansorial perch. We arrived at the brand new Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge at 1600 meters, a wooded construction with toilets and showers and beds with mosquito nets built at the site of an abandoned plantation. As it was not there when our trip was planned we had expected to stay in tents for another two nights and the surprise of the lodge was very welcome. At dinner we had put on rainclothes and sweaters as there was a friaje - a cold front coming up from Patagonia.

August 6th
A cop of coffee, fried eggs and bacon and then we set out for the hide by the road where the Cock-of-the-Rocks display. We took our positions while it was still dark and soon the cocks came in and started dancing. Their bright orange colours flashed in the dim light, and they bowed and flicked wings and called their grating call. All of a sudden activity rose and the attention was turned to the far end of the arena where a female had certainly made her appearence, and the male nearest to us made all the efforts he could to attract attention. After three quarters of an hour it was all over. We drove up the road and walked back towards the lodge. We had bright sunshine on the slopes of subtropical montane forest with its cecropias, tree-ferns, and large broadcrowned trees. In a huge tree on the opposite slope sat a Solitary Eagle. We got telescope on the powerful bird that got alert and then flew as its mate came, and the two eagles soared together. Earlier in the morning we had seen a young Black-and-chestnut Eagle near the nest in a tree top by the road, and later on we had a splendid adult displaying its rich colours soaring in front of the slope.

In the afternoon we went for understory birds on the trails behind the lodge, hearing voices and sensing atmosphere more than actually seing birds. The hollow bubbling of the Scaled Antpitta, the simple two-toned whistle of the Rufous-breasted Anttrush, the gay tune of the Chestnut-breated Wren all coming closer with play-back, but not for a view. Around us the drawn-out rolling call as of a starting motor from the Wattled Guans, and at the lek in the background the grating of the Cock-of-the-Rocks. A guan came flying in to sit in the treetop above us - it's thin, shrivelled piece of yellow skin hanging from the throat. Spotlighting by the road above the lodge after sunset gave a Jaguarundi. I wrote my diary by candlelight to the chorous of metallic frog-sounds while all kinds of moths, grasshoppers and cicadas came to the light and some committed suicide in the flame.

August 7th
We proceeded on down the road. After a downpour at daybreak the weather kept cloudy and cold with some rain in the air alternating with periods of heavier rain where we took shelter in the bus. Few birds came on the list this morning due to rains and cold which was a pity, as we passed through the upper tropical zone so famous for its little known birds of restricted altitudinal ranges. After four days in the forest we passed through the village of Pilcopata. Houses built by boards and corrugated iron raised on plinths and with chicken, turkeys, pigs and ducks around. Fields with coca and manioc in the clearings. We had to pass one more forested hill, through a rather degraded forest. The rain and cold continued. The small Blue-headed Macaw flew over, neither their size nor their voice being really macaw-like, and we had a Slaty-backed Forest-falcon perched in a tree. Down by the Rio Madre de Dios we waited for our boat to take us across looking upon the scenery of the rainforest clad hill with low clouds in front of it and eight Military Macaw flying in, having their colours exposed with the hill as a background. We crossed the river to Hacienda Amazónia on the other side, where we should stay the next four nights.

August 8th
Today, we still had the bus at our disposal and hence crossed the river to birdwatch on the hill we had passed yesterday afternoon. It had been raining again in the night and as we crossed the river in the open boat passing the Fasciated Tiger-herons waiting in stiffened positions on the stony islands, the rain intensified. We spent some time waiting in a shed in the village of Atalaya. Then we decided that was no fun and took the bus up on the hill. The road had become even worse since yesterday. Trucks had ploughed their way through and had messed up the road but these conditions were what our vehicle was made for. In one place a large truck with beer - beer and women is what they send on to the golddigger communities further down - seemed hopelessly stuck in a capsized position in the middle of the road while the crew put branches under the wheels. We were at an altitude of 700 meters which is upper tropical, but the forest seemed degraded and with the weather not very good we had to write off a lot of species. In some stands of bamboo we worked with playback on a voice of three sad, mellow whistles, that proved to be the Pheasant Cuckoo. It flew across the road in a slow laborious flight and landed in the bamboo where we could enjoy its train of elongated dorsal feathers covering the upper tail. Some of the high Andes species are migratory and come down to this altitude. Thus we had a Hooded Siskin and were disappointed to discover that almost all the hummingbirds in the red-flowering trees were bloody Sparkling Violetears. A Black Hawk-eagle built it's nest just beside the road, and we watched an Emerald Toucanet eating palmnuts cracking the nuts in the tip of the bill in a movement that made the peel fall and the fruit drop down in its throat.

August 9th
Today we spent our time on the riverine forest trails around the hacienda starting on the "jeep trail" that leads through a swampy area into the forest. The friaje weather was over and the tropical heat had come back which may be why the birds were especially vocal this morning. At daybreak we stood looking down the trail for tinamous running across and got both Cinereous and Undulated Tinamou. Then another one with a long pointed tail raised 45 degrees ran across - the Rufous-vented Ground-cuckoo. A shy and rarely seen bird that runs on the forest floor and repeatedly crossed the trail right here. As we stood there, an opossum with a thief's mask climbed across along a vine bridging the road. We proceded into the forest concentrating on singing birds and got a lot on our list. 

As we approached the hacienda an arrow was marked across the path, and a sheet of paper from a notebook was left saying "Potoo". It was Sten who had discovered the Long-tailed Potoo's roost. It sat vertically along the branch clinging to a tiny projection on the trunk. It had the colours of bark, its tail smoothly and seemlessly made the bird a part of he tree, its soft owl-like breast feathers were blurring the transition and protruding a little as if covering an egg. On the flight feathers it even had bark-like knobs that broke the normal smooth-ness of a bird's wing. Well spotted! In the evening, just after it had flown out, somebody went to check that there actually was an egg lying on the narrow projection of i's branch. A species until recently considered very rare and the nest maybe never described...

Hacienda Amazónia is a former fruit plantation run by the couple Santiago and Nelly and is now a lodge where we had a nice stay in fine rooms and with good food of a homely touch such as newly baked bread for breakfast and cake for the lunch. The plantation mostly of pomelas is not run commercially anymore and parts of it is falling into jungle. The spongy-looking pomelas lay on the trails where we walked and we had their juice for refreshment. At the veranda with its floor of hardwood and the wicker chairs we relaxed during our siesta, after birdtrips and in the night, listening to the sounds of the jungle. Agoutis came out snatching fruit on the lawn. In the palms of the garden there was a colony of Russet-backed Oropendolas with weaved pouch-nests and Yellow-rumped Cacique displaying at their nests with the yellow rump-feathers puffed up. Today during our siesta we spotted two perched Military Macaws that we enjoyed in the telescope. And there were chiggers - or at least we believe it was here we picked up so many bites. In the evening we went owling by the hacienda having Tawny-bellied Screech-owl called in and lit up by the torch. They muffle their voice so that you believe they are further away than they are, and they can easily be scared away by playing back too loud.

August 10th
Above the hacienda there is a slope where you climb 50 meters which brings you out of the floodplain forest that is affected by seasonal inundation and into a different forest habitat. Here was a tall forest with dense undergrowth and poor light. We saw Koepke's Hermit that is a recently described species and we had some difficult flocks high up in the canopy that gave new species not found on the floodplains. The afternoon was spent on the riverine trails looking in vain for the Agami Heron that Sten had seen in the morning.

August 11th
Our last morning at the hacienda we took a walk in the riverine forest. We concentrated on voices and understory birds and managed to get a view of a Trush-like Antpitta inside some dense tangle. Look on the trail! We looked for something walking on the ground and first noticed the raptor as it took off from a tree at the trailside and flew away down the trail and around the corner. That was Buckley's Forest-falcon. We scorned Erik for the poor explanation but anyway it was there. This rare species was known to be around this year. The other morning we heard it calling a couple of times. And during our stay, Barry perseveringly played the tape of Buckley's Forest-falcon, but the only response we got was of an Undulated Tinamou that we pursued yesterday until we realized our mistake. 

We had almost 200 kilometers to travel by boat downriver and then up the Rio Manu while dropping 200 meters in altitude, a trip which would take seven hours. The Madre de Dios goes as unnavigable on this section, but that depends on who is the navigator. The problem is the shallowness of the river. We had two boatmen working one man in the stem looking out for trouble and one in the stern steering and rescuing the propellar as we touched the stones. The worst place was where the river broadened at a stony ford where we had to pass through a narrow passage right up towards the cliff. We all thought they had done it wrong as we sidewards at considerable speed banged into the cliff, but that was a calculated bounce to get through - though the glance off cost a fraction of the gunwale. The ablest boatmen of the place were employed by Barry's agency. The operation of jungle tours involves considerable logistics of boats and vehicles and skilled persons to sail and drive, and requires planning of having out-bord motors in the right places and spare parts transfered to where the repair is to be. Barry seemed quite a patrón in Atalaya employing the people, knowing the children by name, giving opportunities for movement to office jobs in Cusco and supporting the local shool and sewagework as part of his operations. Barry was stern with employees whenever precision or responsibility was required and admirably far-sighted in dealing with people and nature. Our trip went like a clockwork.

At first there were stony shallows and fords. At places the river branched around islands with Cecropia forest bordered by the succession growth of low palm-like vegetation they call cane. The river carries an astonishing amount of timber and you grasp the power of the floods from the way the large trunks have been left tossed about. On islands and shallows the logs are heaped in disarranged piles, lonely giants are left stranded and trecherous branches protrude from the deeper parts of the river. We passed a pair of Horned Screamer dancing, the male trotting in circles around the female, the neck bent forwards and inflated. On the last part of the trip small groups of macaws flew over. We arrived at the Manu Wildlife Centre by evening. Here we should stay for five nights in a camp in the middle of the jungle where in the days we would walk trails around the lodge or go for longer trips on the river by boat.

August 12th
Walking trails lead from the lodge into the forest, and this morning we started with a walk in the terra firme forest. The finest bird of the morning was a Pavonine Quetzal which first flashed through and disappered in the foliage but in the end settled on a branch ready for observation. In the afternoon we went sailing on a lake called Cocha Blanca, an oxbow lake formed by a turn of the river being cut off and left as a lake, reached by sailing a little downstream from the lodge. To go on the lake there was a raft made by mounting a platform to stand upon on two canoes that could be paddled into the lake. This is a very quiet way to move which is necessary not to disturb the Giant Otters which were not present this afternoon so we watched the waterbirds by the swampy areas of grass and waterlilies instead.

August 13th
We sailed out downriver for half an hour until we arrived at the earthen cliff where the parrot lick is. A floating hide where you can sit in the cover of a palm-thatched roof is anchored and can be floated down to face the right area of the cliffs by means of a capstan. At six o'clock the outline of a yellow sun could be seen through the morning mist over the river, and lots of Blue-headed Parrot were around waiting in the trees and coming down to sit on the cliff in dense flocks eating clay. Between them we distinguished a few Orange-cheeked Parrot with their bold headpatterns. Then Mealy Parrot and a few Yellow-headed Parrot joined in. All species crowded together on the cliff, climbing, flicking wings and quarreling at the eating site. From time to time alarm arose and they flew out screaming shrilly and settled in the trees where they took their time to gather courage to come down again. By eight o'clock there was a pause as the smaller parrots left. Then the Red-and-Green Macaws arrived in small groups and settled in the Cecropias. They are expressive birds to watch as they clamber around, hang upside down and lift themselves up again by the beak, or when they preen each other with the grotesque bills, suddenly both birds turning head down and continuing the caress hanging. 140 Macaws assembled slowly. Then they started climbing down roots in front of the cliff, and all of a sudden all of them were on the cliff, escavating with their beaks, or holding lumbs of clay in their feet while eating. Around half past ten it was over.

We landed a little further down at the Cocha Camunga trail. We walked through an open and sandy part in rubber boots in the midday sun to arrive at the lake where we could walk out on a treetrunk to get an overview of the surface. A family of Giant Otter was present. Their shining backs appeared in the surface as they swam in line. They dived, and suddenly one shot out of the water revealing the long neck and the round head. One of the otters caught a large fish and swam ashore with it, while the others popped out of the water to see what happened, the one crying a wailing cry. Near the lake we saw a Pale-winged Trumpeter perched on a low branch, and in the open area we found Purus Jacamar.

In the afternoon we went for tree-top hummingbirds. The lodge has a movable tower that is set up at good trees for birds. Now it was mounted by a flowering tree and as the flowers were withering, this was our last chance. The tower was a thirty meters high steel construction held by wires and was to be climbed by a vertical ladder with a rope tied to you for safety. Thirty meters is high up - at least if you havn't climbed such a thing before - and I felt week in the knees as I reached the platform. We had a fine view of the canopy with its different green colours. Right beside us was the tree with the withering, white flowers. Hummingbirds came in now and then - not many, but in an hour we got all the good species including  Black-bellied Thorntail -  two immature males (we suppose) first chasing each other in a kind of dance, then one perching in a tree and the other one buzzing around it.

Manu is an extensive area with zones of different status of conservation. The Manu Wildlife Centre lies outside the reserve proper but the forest is continuous. Large parts of the park are owned by the indigenous people, whose rights are recognized to a much larger extent in Peru than in any other country in South America. One tribe in the area had fled from Brazil after clashes with an oil company in their home range where they killed a number of workers and have now established themselves in Manu after a series of wars - a tricky pattern of indigenous people having their ways.

August 14th
The morning was dedicated to the bamboo habitat that is one of the attractions of Manu to birdwatchers keen on species. The gaudea bamboo has a tree-like structure and grows some four meters high closing into a canopy. The long twigs with hook-like thorns were hanging down and tore holes in our clothes. The foliage was so dense that you could hardly spot a bird inside it. We spent the morning working slowly through the habitat using playback a lot to pull the secretive birds out for a short view. Eventually we got sights of many of the specials except the Peruvian Recurvebill that is not very responsive to tape why we only heard its series of click-sounds from the thickets as it moved through.

At lunchtime I went for a stroll in the forest. Thunder from afar didn't come closer to bring rain to the forest that was obviously all to dry probably because of the El Niño conditions. Birds were calling intensely from beside the path and I approached slowly expecting to find some extraordinary bird party. A movement in the understory, where the focus of the agitated birds seemed to be, and an Ozelot appeared, coming out in the open moving directly towards me. I stood absolutely quiet watching the beautiful creature as it approached wondering when and how it would discover me. It walked right up to me as if I were a tree, and started sniffing at my trouser's leg. It noticed something wrong. We looked into each other's eyes. Then it hissed, withdrew a little, walked once around itself and continued along its route in it's original pace as if I hadn't been there.

We set out for half an hour's trip downstream to a place called "Old Bamboo Trail" for Rufous-fronted Anttrush. Finding a singing one was easy. The next step was getting to see it. Playback makes it walk around the taperecorder in a circle on the forest floor, meaning in theory that you can plan for it to cross the trail at a point where everybody should see it. However in practise it will fool you as there is always a stem it can steal behind, and the excercise meant a long wait in the sultry heat, the clothes sticking, and scores of little flies attacking and entering ears and nostrils with us having to stand absolutely quiet not to scare the bird. At last it worked with the bird crossing in full view. We also had a pair of Rufous-headed Woodpecker that is confined to bamboo. Going home by boat we met with two Capybaras crossing the river swimming, their huge heads in the surface and then panicking and diving in a splash as the boat approached. The most conspicuous bird of the river was the Sandcoloured Nighthawk that roosted in flocks on the sandbars by day and flew out at dusk as we headed for the lodge. In their flight high in the sky, their catching insects in erratic flight above the surface and even sitting on the sand - they really resembled old world Pratincoles. 

In the night we watched at the Colpa, a saltlick where tapirs often come to eatclay and a hide is erected nearby from where you can watch them. A guide from the lodge takes you there and knows how and when to put light on them. Rules are to piss or put on mosquito repellent at least two hundred meters away from the hide and not wearing deodorant. We waited until one in the morning to no avail.

August 15th
In the morning we had a walk in "the grid" which is a chess-board system of trails laid out for scientific use. The forest here is transitional between flood-plain forest that is flooded during the rains and the high forest that is not. In the dry season it is hard to imagine that the floodplain forest may become inundated. We found a lek of Band-tailed Manakin. At first we heard their calls and got the glimpses of red, black and yellow darting through the confusion of green understory. Then we spotted males dancing their short mechanical-toy-like dance tripping sidewards along a horisontal stem and jumping back. A green female came in, the male fluffed itself and started tripping on the spot, and the two flew away together. We also had a Razor-billed Curassow. The way with cracids is that they often fly from the ground up in the trees when they hear you, and if you approach they fly off behind the trees. What to do is to wait patiently as they will walk to and fro on the larger trunks looking curiously for what scared them and eventually you will have a view. It worked as we had our currassow walking out in full view, the plastic-red knob on the bill shining. For the last days a mega-flock had haunted the grid consisting of some 40 different species with both understory and canopy birds. We caught up with what might have been two fragments of that flock - a large canopy flocks with some understory leader species following and afterwards an understory flock with canopy flock leaders among them. The flock seemed to consist of sub-flocks with furnarids apart, antwrens apart and tanagers apart. Cuckoos and woodpeckers joined in, and a group of Plain Softtail that normally stick to their microhabitat of a clearing around a fallen log joined the party. A specialty was the Stipplethroated Antwren. This species of a more eastern distribution in Amazonia was only recorded a few times in Peru much closer to the Bolivian border. Suddenly they had appeared in the area in considerable numbers and we saw them several times. Normally you think of tropical rainforest birds as static but apparently there are also movement patterns reminiscent of the invasions of temperate forest birds.

Sailing out after siesta Barry's lighter in his pocket had set him on fire, it was extinguished in the river. We followed a narrow sidestream to look for an exploratory trail with Dave as a guide - a British birdwatcher staying at the lodge to find new species for the area - who in an absent-minded way seemed not to remember the exact site. The unusual drought had made the rivers fall and our trip seemed to have become impossible. Quantities of large trees were messed up in huge piles across the fairway in logjams. Now the propellor hit a trunk, now the boat was poled through a passage. A final logjam where we thought there was no way and we might get caught, but amazingly the boatmen made it and amazingly Dave remembered that this was the place. This was terra firme bamboo which is never inundated in contrast to the floodplain bamboo that we had visited on the other bamboo trails. Characteristic of rainforest habitats this means a very different community of bird species. This bamboo forest seemed darker forming a more coherent canopy five meters up, it was damp hot and it teemed with mosquitoes that made quiet waiting for birds a trial. We had good views of a pair of White-cheeked Tody-tyrant and a Brown-rumped Foliage-gleaner. Both species are little-known specials for terra firme bamboo, the former being discovered by Dave some days ago as new for the area, the latter being discovered now, and both probably to be seen by most birding groups in the future as it is now known where to look for them.

Some of us made another try for tapirs at the colpa. The proper thing is to stay out all night, get some sleep in the hide and have the guide watch rather than to watch yourself and return at midnight. The tapirs didn't show up probably because there was a full moon which makes them very wary. We stayed until half past three and walked home single file with our torches through a pitch dark forest full of the sounds of the tree frogs. We arrived at the camp ready for the pancakes before the early set out for the trip home.

August 16th
Two hours sailing downstream brought us to the airstrip from where a small chartered plane took us to Cusco. We flew above the uneven canopy looking down on the flying Macaws, up above the foothills to the barren passes much the same way as we had spent days driving down. Cusco is situated up a hill with narrow paved streets and staircases that take you in between houses standing on their inca bases in jigsaw masonry and pass patios, galleries, wooden balconies and lots of flowerpots up to little plazas with sixteenth century churches. The town had a relaxed and friendly atmosphere. We had had to say goodbye to Barry back at the airstrip as he had business to do, so he couldn't be with us as we started the evening at his cosy pub at the main plaza in Cusco. Barry's bar serves the best pisco sour in Peru - that is a drink based on the local liqour. As I had spotted the Greater Scythebill I was promised all the pisco sours that I could drink when we arrived at Cuzco. But after two nights in the colpa and ascending to 3.500 meters I have to admit that Barry got that Greater Scythebill very cheap. 

The next day we flew to Lima and onwards via Madrid to Copenhagen

LIST OF BIRDS.

Information of status and threat is taken from N.J. Collar et al. “Birds to Watch 2".

GREY TINAMOU  (Tinamus tao).
1 heard Hacienda Amazónia (BW).

GREAT TINAMOU (Tinamus major).
4 Manu Wildlife Centre.

WHITE-THROATED TINAMOU (Tinamus guttatus).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre (UA).

CINEREOUS TINAMOU (Crypturellus cinereus).
5 Hacienda Amazónia and 3 Manu Wildlife Centre.

LITTLE TINAMOU (Crypturellus soui).
2 heard Hacienda Amazónia.

BROWN TINAMOU (Crypturellus obsoletus).
1 heard Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 1 heard Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

UNDULATED TINAMOU (Crypturellus undulatus).
2 heard Atalaya, 2 Hacienda Amazónia and 9 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
BLACK-CAPPED TINAMOU (Crypturellus atrocapillus).
5 heard Hacienda Amazónia.
 
BARTLETT'S TINAMOU (Crypturellus bartletti).
2 Hacienda Amazónia and 1 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
ORNATE TINAMOU (Nothoprocta ornata).
2 Lake Junin - San Mateo.
  
PUNA TINAMOU (Tinamotis pentlandii).
2 heard Milloc turnoff.

WHITE-TUFTED GREBE (Rollandia rolland).
2 Pantanos de Villa, 5 Marcapomacocha, 5 Lake Junin and 2 Huacarpay Lake.

LEAST GREBE (Tachybaptus dominicus).
1 Hacienda Amazónia and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre (Cocha Blanca).

PIED-BILLED GREBE (Podilymbus podiceps).
30 Pantanos de Villa.

GREAT GREBE (Podiceps major).
30 Pantanos de Villa.

SILVERY GREBE (Podiceps occipitalis).
25 Lake Junin.

PUNA GREBE (Podiceps taczanowskii).
1 Lake Junin.
Status: Critical.

HUMBOLDT PENGUIN (Spheniscus humboldti).
15 Paracas (boat trip).
Status: Near-threatened. 

WAVED ALBATROSS (Diomedea irrorata).
5-6 Paracas (boat trip).

WHITE-CHINNED PETREL (Procellaria aequinoctialis).
80 Paracas (boat trip).

SOOTY SHEARWATER (Puffinus griseus).
30 Paracas (boat trip).

WILSON'S STORM-PETREL (Oceanites oceanicus).
60 Paracas (boat trip).

WHITE-VENTED STORM-PETREL (Oceanites gracilis).
120 Paracas (boat trip).
Note: Also called Elliot’s Storm-Petrel.
 
WEDGE-RUMPED STORM-PETREL (Oceanodroma tethys).
1 Paracas (boat trip).
Status: Near-threatened. 
 
PERUVIAN DIVING-PETREL (Pelecanoides garnotii).
5 Paracas (boat trip).
Status: Endangered.
 
PERUVIAN BOOBY (Sula variegata).
20 Pantanos de Villa, 150 Pucusana and 10.000 Paracas (mainly on the boat trip, but also 200 in the inner Paracas Bay).

BLUE-FOOTED BOOBY (Sula nebouxii)
2 juv. Pucusana and at least 5 juv. Paracas.
Note: These records are outside the normal (more northerly) range of blue-footed booby, which is, however, known to disperse widely in years of food shortage. 1997 was an extreme year in this respect - and in December 1997, numbers were actually recorded several hundred kilometers further south: during an IMARPE survey, 10-15 were seen near Punta Atico (400 km south of Paracas) and 10 near Punta San Juan (Instituto del Mar del Perú).  

NEOTROPIC CORMORANT (Phalacrocorax brasilianus).
2 Pantanos de Villa, 7 Pucusana, 100 Paracas, 15 Atalaya, 60 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 5 Manu Wildlife Centre.

GUANAY CORMORANT (Phalacrocorax bougainvillii).
5 Pantanos de Villa, 100 Pucusana and at least 50.000 Paracas (boat trip).

RED-LEGGED CORMORANT (Phalacrocorax gaimardi).
50 Pucusana and 600 Paracas.
Status: Near-threatened. 

ANHINGA (Anhinga anhinga).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre (Cocha Blanca).

PERUVIAN PELICAN (Pelecanus thagus).
1 Pantanos de Villa, 300 Pucusana and 500 Paracas.

HORNED SCREAMER (Anhima cornuta).
4 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 6 Manu Wildlife Centre (Cocha Blanca).

ANDEAN DUCK (Oxyura ferruginea).
6 Pantanos de Villa, 10 Marcapomacocha and 20 Huacarpay Lake.

ANDEAN GOOSE (Chloephaga melanoptera).
6 Milloc turnoff, 10 Milloc turnoff - Marcapomacocha, 220 Marcapomacocha, 4 Milloc turnoff - Central Highway, 300 Lake Junin and 10 Junin - San Mateo.

ORINOCO GOOSE (Neochen jubata).
7 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre, 2 Manu Wildlife Centre and 6 Manu Wildlife Centre - Boca Manu Airport.
Status: Near-threatened. 

MUSCOVY DUCK (Cairina moschata).
11 Manu Wildlife Centre.

TORRENT DUCK (Merganetta armata).
16 Ollantaytambo - Machu Picchu and 2 ad 3 pull. Machu Picchu.

YELLOW-BILLED TEAL (Anas flavirostris).
11 Milloc turnoff, 50 Marcapamacocha, 600 Lake Junin and 20 Huacarpay Lake.
Note: Sometimes the Yellow-billed teal and the northern Andean teal (A. andium) are regarded as conspecific (Speckled teal, A. flavirostris).

CRESTED DUCK (Anas specularioides).
4 Milloc turnoff, 20 Marcapomacocha, 8 Marcapomacocha - Milloc turnoff and 10 Central Highway km 110.

YELLOW-BILLED PINTAIL (Anas georgica).
50 Lake Junin and 4 Huacarpay Lake.

WHITE-CHEEKED PINTAIL (Anas bahamensis).
17 Pantanos de Villa.

PUNA TEAL (Anas puna).
1 Marcapomacocha, 200 Lake Junin and 10 Huacarpay Lake.

CINNAMON TEAL (Anas cyanoptera)
14 Pantanos de Villa and 30 Huacarpay Lake.
 
CHILEAN FLAMINGO (Phoenicopterus chilensis).
90 Paracas and 350 Lake Junin.
 
LITTLE BLUE HERON (Egretta caerulea).
20 Pantanos de Villa.

SNOWY EGRET (Egretta thula).
30 Pantanos de Villa, 15 Pucusana - Playa Hermosa, 10 Paracas, 1 Lake Junin, 1 Huacarpay Lake, 14 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

CAPPED HERON (Pilherodius pileatus).
4 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre - Boca Manu.

WHITE-NECKED HERON (Ardea cocoi).
9 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 5 Manu Wildlife Centre.

GREAT EGRET (Casmerodius albus).
2 Lima - Lomas de Lachay, 5 Pantanos de Villa, 5 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 1 Manu Wildlife Centre.

CATTLE EGRET (Bubulcus ibis).
100 Lima - Lomas de Lachay, 50 Pantanos de Villa, 50 Pucusana - Playa Hermosa and 1 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre.

STRIATED HERON (Butorides striatus)
2 Pantanos de Villa, 1  Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.
AGAMI HERON (Agamia agami).
1 Hacienda Amazónia (SP).

BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT-HERON (Nycticorax nycticorax).
10 Pantanos de Villa and 3 Lake Junin.

FASCIATED TIGER-HERON (Tigrisoma fasciatum).
1 Machu Picchu - Cusco, 7 Atalaya - Hacienda Amazónia and 25 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre.
Status: Near-threatened. 

RUFESCENT TIGER-HERON (Tigrisoma lineatum).
6 Manu Wildlife Centre.

LEAST BITTERN (Ixobrychus exilis).
2 Pantanos de Villa.

PUNA IBIS (Plegadis ridgwayi).
49 Pantanos de Villa, 2 Milloc turnoff, 40 Milloc turnoff - Marcapomacocha, 25 Marcapomacocha, 25 (new)  Marcapomacocha - Milloc turnoff, 500 Lake Junin, 100 Lake Junin - San Mateo and 75 Cusco - Huacarpay Lake.

ANDEAN IBIS (Theristicus branickii).
20 north of Abra Malaga Pass.
Note: Sometimes regarded as a subspecies of Black-faced Ibis (T. melanopis)

GREEN IBIS (Mesembrinibis cayennensis).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
ROSEATE SPOONBILL (Ajaia ajaja).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre.

WOOD STORK (Mycteria americana).
9 Manu Wildlife Centre.

JABIRU (Jabiru mycteria).
3 Manu Wildlife Centre (Cocha Blanca) (MT).

BLACK VULTURE (Coragyps atratus).
10 Lima - Lomas de Lachay, 8 Pantanos de Villa, 10 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 30 Manu Wildlife Centre.

TURKEY VULTURE (Cathartes aura).
10 Lima - Lomas de Lachay, 8 Pucusana - Paracas, 14 Paracas, 2 Milloc turnoff - Marcapomacocha, 2 Hacienda Amazónia, 5 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre, 2 Manu Wildlife Centre and 1 Boca Manu Airport.

GREATER YELLOW-HEADED VULTURE (Cathartes melambrotus).
5 Atalaya, 50 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre, 20 Manu Wildlife Centre and 1 Boca Manu Airport.

KING VULTURE (Sarcoramphus papa)
2 Hacienda Amazónia, 2 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 4 Manu Wildlife Centre.

OSPREY (Pandion haliaetus).
2 Pantanos de Villa and 3 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre.

GREY-HEADED KITE (Leptodon cayanensis).
1 Hacienda Amazónia (MT).

SWALLOW-TAILED KITE (Elanoides forficatus).
30 Atalaya and 1 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
DOUBLE-TOOTHED KITE (Harpagus bidentatus).
1 Atalaya and 1 Hacienda Amazónia.

PLUMBEOUS KITE (Ictinia plumbea).
4-6 Atalaya, 10 Hacienda Amazónia, 30 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 7 Manu Wildlife Centre.

CINEREOUS HARRIER (Circus cinereus).
3 Lake Junin, 1% Huacarpay Lake and 1 Machu Picchu.

BICOLORED HAWK (Accipiter bicolor).
1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 1 Hacienda Amazónia.

 SLATE-COLORED HAWK (Leucopternis schistacea).
2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

WHITE HAWK (Leucopternis albicollis).
1-2 Hacienda Amazónia.
 
GREAT BLACK-HAWK (Buteogallus urubitinga).
4 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre, 3 Manu Wildlife Centre and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre - Boca Manu Airport.
 
BAY-WINGED HAWK (Parabuteo unicinctus).
1 Pantanos de Villa and 1 Paracas.

BLACK-COLLARED HAWK (Busarellus nigricollis).
1 ad. Manu Wildlife Centre.

BLACK-CHESTED BUZZARD-EAGLE (Geranoaetus melanoleucus).
1 Lima - Lomas de Lachay and 9 Lomas de Lachay.

SOLITARY EAGLE (Harpyhaliaetus solitarius).
2 ad. Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Status: Near-threatened. 

ROADSIDE HAWK (Buteo magnirostris).
5 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 3 Atalaya, 5 and 5 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 5 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
SHORT-TAILED HAWK (Buteo brachyurus).
1 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre (UA).

WHITE-THROATED HAWK (Buteo albigula).
1 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta, 1 Pillihuarta and 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
 
RED-BACKED HAWK (Buteo polyosoma).
9 Lomas de Lachay and 1 Playa Hermosa.

PUNA HAWK   (Buteo poecilochrous).
3 Milloc turnoff, 1 Central Highway KM 130, 1 Lake Junin, 1 Huacarpay Lake, 3 south of Abra Malaga Pass and 2 Machu Picchu - Cusco.

ZONE-TAILED HAWK (Buteo albonotatus).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
BLACK HAWK-EAGLE (Spizaetus tyrannus).
1 Atalaya.

BLACK-AND-CHESTNUT EAGLE   (Oroaetus isidori).
1 (?) Manu boundary - Pillihuarta and 1 ad + 1 juv Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Status: Near-threatened. 

BLACK CARACARA   (Daptrius ater).
11 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 1 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
RED-THROATED CARACARA   (Daptrius americanus).
6 Hacienda Amazónia.

MOUNTAIN CARACARA   ( Phalcoboenus megalopterus).
3 Marcapomacocha - Milloc turnoff, 5 Lake Junin, 1 Lake Junin - San Mateo, 8 Abra Malaga Pass area, 1 Ollantaytambo and 1 Paucartambo - Manu boundary.
 
LAUGHING FALCON   (Herpetotheres cachinnans).
1 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
LINED FOREST-FALCON   (Micrastur gilvicollis).
1 heard and 1 seen Manu Wildlife Centre.

SLATY-BACKED FOREST-FALCON (Micrastur mirandollei).
1 Atalaya.

BUCKLEY'S FOREST-FALCON (Micrastur buckleyi).
1 Hacienda Amazónia.

AMERICAN KESTREL   (Falco sparverius).
1 Lima - Lomas de Lachay, 4 Pantanos de Villa, 2 Lake Junin - San Mateo, 1 San Mateo, 2 Sacsayhuaman, 1 Cusco - Huacarpay Lake, 1 Huacarpay Lake, 2 Urubamba - Ollantaytambo, 1 Machu Picchu and 1 Machu Picchu - Cusco.

APLOMADO FALCON (Falco femoralis).
1 Lake Junin.

BAT FALCON ( Falco rufigularis).
1 Atalaya, 2 Hacienda Amazónia, 1 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 1 Manu Wildlife Centre - Boca Manu Airport.

PEREGRINE FALCON (Falco peregrinus).
1 south of Abra Malaga Pass. 

SPECKLED CHACHALACA   (Ortalis guttata).
8 Atalaya and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

ANDEAN GUAN ( Penelope montagnii).
1 Machu Picchu and 6 Pillihuarta.

SPIX'S GUAN (Penelope jacquacu).
2 Hacienda Amazónia and 8 Manu Wildlife Centre.

BLUE-THROATED PIPING-GUAN (Pipile cumanensis).
4 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 5 Manu Wildlife Centre.

WATTLED GUAN (Aburria aburri).
2 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Status: Near-threatened. 
 
RAZOR-BILLED CURASSOW (Mitu tuberosa).
4 Hacienda Amazónia (FQM) and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
RUFOUS-SIDED CRAKE (Laterallus melanophaius).
2 heard Manu Wildlife Centre (Cocha Blanca).
 
GREY-NECKED WOOD-RAIL (Aramides cajanea).
8-10 Hacienda Amazónia and 5 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
PLUMBEOUS RAIL (Pardirallus sanguinolentus).
2 Pantanos de Villa and 4 Huacarpay Lake.
 
COMMON MOORHEN (Gallinula chloropus).
62 Pantanos de Villa, at least 1000 Lake Junin and 235 Huacarpay Lake.
 
ANDEAN COOT (Fulica ardesiaca).
80 Pantanos de Villa, 75 Marcapomacocha, 500 Lake Junin and 20 Huacarpay Lake.

GIANT COOT (Fulica gigantea).
15 Marcapomacocha.
 
SUNGREBE (Heliornis fulica).
3 Manu Wildlife Centre (Cocha Blanca).
 
SUNBITTERN (Eurypyga helias).
1 Hacienda Amazónia (FQM), 5 Manu Wildlife Centre and 1 Manu Wildlife Centre - Boca Manu.

LIMPKIN (Aramus guarauna).
1 Hacienda Amazónia (OL).
 
PALE-WINGED TRUMPETER (Psophia leucoptera).
4 Manu Wildlife Centre.

WATTLED JACANA (Jacana jacana).
16 Manu Wildlife Centre (Cocha Blanca).

PUNA SNIPE (Gallinago andina).
4 Milloc turnoff.
  
WHIMBREL (Numenius phaeopus).
3 Paracas.

GREATER YELLOWLEGS (Tringa melanoleuca).
5 Lake Junin, 1 Huacarpay Lakes and 1 Atalaya.

LESSER YELLOWLEGS (Tringa flavipes).
1 Pantanos de Villa, 3 Lake Junin, 4 Huacarpay Lakes and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

SOLITARY SANDPIPER (Tringa solitaria).
1 Hacienda Amazónia and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 RUDDY TURNSTONE (Arenaria interpres).
4 Pucusana and 33 Paracas.

SHORT-BILLED DOWITCHER (Limnodromus griseus).
1 Paracas.
 
SANDERLING (Calidris alba).
30 Paracas.

SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPER (Calidris pusilla).
50 Paracas.

WESTERN  SANDPIPER (Calidris mauri).
150 Paracas.

BAIRD'S SANDPIPER (Calidris bairdii).
2 Lake Junin.

BAIRD'S/WHITE-RUMPED  SANDPIPER (Calidris bairdii/fuscicollis).
25 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
GREY-BREASTED SEEDSNIPE (Thinocorus orbignyianus).
15 Milloc turnoff.

LEAST SEEDSNIPE (Thinocorus rumicivorus).
58 Lomas de Lachay.

PERUVIAN THICK-KNEE   (Burhinus superciliaris).
1 Pantanos de Villa and 3 Paracas.

AMERICAN OYSTERCATCHER (Haematopus palliatus).
14 Paracas.

BLACKISH OYSTERCATCHER (Haematopus ater).
4 Paracas.

BLACK-NECKED STILT   (Himantopus mexicanus).
3 Pucusana - Playa Hermosa and 1 Lake Junin.
 
ANDEAN AVOCET   (Recurvirostra andina).
3 Lake Junin.
 
GREY PLOVER   (Pluvialis squatarola).
6 Paracas.

SEMIPALMATED PLOVER   (Charadrius semipalmatus).
5 Paracas.
 
KILLDEER   (Charadrius vociferus).
6 Pantanos de Villa and 1 Playa Hermosa.

SNOWY PLOVER (Charadrius alexandrinus).
6 Paracas.

COLLARED PLOVER (Charadrius collaris).
2 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

PUNA PLOVER (Charadrius alticola).
3 Lake Junin.
 
TAWNY-THROATED DOTTEREL   (Oreopholus ruficollis).
2 Lomas de Lachay.

DIADEMED SANDPIPER-PLOVER   (Phegornis mitchellii).
1 Milloc turnoff.
Status: Near-threatened. 

PIED LAPWING (Vanellus cayanus).
6 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 5 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
ANDEAN LAPWING (Vanellus resplendens).
3 Milloc turnoff, 8 Marcapomacocha, 100 Lake Junin, seen Lake Junin - San Mateo, 8 Sacsayhuaman, 6 Huacarpay Lake, 2 Abra Malaga Pass, 1 Paucartambo - Manu boundary.
BAND-TAILED GULL (Larus belcheri).
20 Pantanos de Villa, 200 Pucusana and common Paracas.

GREY GULL   ( Larus modestus).
50 Pantanos de Villa, 3000 Pantanos de Villa - Pucusana, 10 Pucusana and 550 Paracas.

KELP GULL   (Larus dominicanus).
10 Pantanos de Villa and 160 Paracas.

GREY-HEADED GULL (Larus cirrocephalus).
100 Pantanos de Villa and 2 Paracas.

ANDEAN GULL   (Larus serranus).
3 Marcapomacocha, 15 Lake Junin, 50 Junin - San Mateo, 45 Huacarpay Lakes - Urubamba and 4 Ollantaytambo - Machu Picchu.

FRANKLIN'S GULL (Larus pipixcan).
1 Pantanos de Villa (MT).
 
LARGE-BILLED TERN   ( Phaetusa simplex).
20 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

ROYAL TERN   (Sterna maxima).
2 Paracas.

ELEGANT TERN (Sterna elegans).
3 Paracas.

SOUTH AMERICAN TERN (Sterna hirundinacea).
5 Paracas.

YELLOW-BILLED TERN (Sterna superciliaris).
40 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

PERUVIAN TERN   (Sterna lorata).
6 Paracas.

INCA TERN (Larosterna inca).
10 Pantanos de Villa, 100 Pucusana and 650 Paracas.

CHILEAN SKUA (Catharacta chilensis).
1 Paracas (boat trip).
 
SPOT-WINGED PIGEON (Columba maculosa).
1 Sacsayhuaman, 3 Huacarpay Lakes - Urubamba and 4 Paucartambo - Manu boundary.

BAND-TAILED PIGEON (Columba fasciata).
4 north of Abra Malaga Pass, 75 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta and 1 Pillihuarta.

PALE-VENTED PIGEON (Columba cayennensis).
4 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 12 Manu Wildlife Centre.

PLUMBEOUS PIGEON   (Columba plumbea).
1 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 1 Atalaya.

RUDDY PIGEON (Columba subvinacea).
1 Hacienda Amazónia and 2-3 Manu Wildlife Centre.

EARED DOVE (Zenaida auriculata).
5 Lima - Lomas de Lachay, 15 Lomas de Lachay, 100 Lima - Paracas, 10 Paracas, 3 Sacsayhuaman and 2 Huacarpay Lake.

PACIFIC DOVE (Zenaida meloda).
4 Lomas de Lachay, 300 Pantanos de Villa and 20 Playa Hermosa.
Note: A recent split fra White-winged Dove (Z. asiatica).
 
CROAKING GROUND-DOVE   (Columbina cruziana).
20 Lima - Lomas de Lachay, 40 Lomas de Lachay, 4 Pantanos de Villa, 20 Playa Hermosa and at least 175 more from the bus between Lima and Paracas.

BARE-FACED GROUND-DOVE (Metriopelia ceciliae).
4 Sacsayhuaman and 15 Huacarpay Lake.
 
BLACK-WINGED GROUND-DOVE   (Metriopelia melanoptera).
3 Lake Junin.

GREY-FRONTED DOVE   (Leptotila rufaxilla).
2 Atalaya, 4 Hacienda Amazónia and 4 Manu Wildlife Centre.

RUDDY QUAIL-DOVE   (Geotrygon montana).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
BLUE-AND-YELLOW MACAW  (Ara ararauna).
1 Hacienda Amazónia, 20 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 45 Manu Wildlife Centre.

MILITARY MACAW  (Ara militaris).
17 Atalaya and 2 Hacienda Amazónia.
Status: Vulnerable.

SCARLET MACAW  (Ara macao).
2 Hacienda Amazónia, 25 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 10 Manu Wildlife Centre.

RED-AND-GREEN MACAW  (Ara chloropterus).
3 Hacienda Amazónia, 16 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre, 140 seen at the same time at the lick at Manu Wildlife Centre and 5 birds seen in the general area.

CHESTNUT-FRONTED MACAW  (Ara severa).
9 Atalaya, 2 Hacienda Amazónia, 4 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 9 Manu Wildlife Centre.

RED-BELLIED MACAW (Ara manilata).
2 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.

BLUE-HEADED MACAW (Ara couloni).
12 Atalaya.
 
MITRED PARAKEET (Aratinga mitrata).
50 Ollantaytambo - Machu Picchu and 150 Machu Picchu.

WHITE-EYED PARAKEET (Aratinga leucophthalmus).
30 Pilcopata, 100 Atalaya, 140 Hacienda Amazónia, 50 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

DUSKY-HEADED PARAKEET (Aratinga weddellii).
20 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 27 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
MOUNTAIN PARAKEET (Bolborhynchus aurifrons).
5 Lomas de Lachay.
 
COBALT-WINGED PARAKEET   (Brotogeris cyanoptera).
15 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 20 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
TUI PARAKEET (Brotogeris sanctithomae).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre. 10 small parakeets between Manu Wildlife Centre and Boca Manu were probably this species.
 
WHITE-BELLIED PARROT (Pionites leucogaster).
5 Manu Wildlife Centre.

ORANGE-CHEEKED PARROT   (Pionopsitta barrabandi).
2-3 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
BLUE-HEADED PARROT (Pionus menstruus).
5 Atalaya, 5 Hacienda Amazónia and 400 at the lick Manu Wildlife Centre.

YELLOW-CROWNED PARROT   (Amazona ochrocephala).
3 Manu Wildlife Centre.

SCALY-NAPED PARROT (Amazona mercenaria).
Flock heard Manu boundary - Pillihuarta and 14 Pillihuarta.

MEALY PARROT   (Amazona farinosa).
1 Atalaya, 2 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre, 60 at the lick and 18 in the general area around Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
DARK-BILLED CUCKOO (Coccyzus melacoryphus).
1 Atalaya, 2 Hacienda Amazónia and 1 Manu Wildlife Centre.

SQUIRREL CUCKOO (Piaya cayana).
2 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 1 Atalaya, 2 Hacienda Amazónia and 4 Manu Wildlife Centre.

HOATZIN (Opisthocomus hoazin).
10 Hacienda Amazónia and 15 Manu Wildlife Centre.

SMOOTH-BILLED ANI   (Crotophaga ani).
10 Atalaya and 8 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
GROOVE-BILLED ANI (Crotophaga sulcirostris).
5 Lima - Lomas de Lachay, 3 Lomas de Lachay and 6 Playa Hermosa.

PHEASANT CUCKOO (Dromococcyx phasianellus).
1 Atalaya.

RUFOUS-VENTED GROUND-CUCKOO (Neomorphus geoffroyi).
2 Hacienda Amazónia.

TAWNY-BELLIED SCREECH-OWL (Otus watsonii).
2 Hacienda Amazónia and 4 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
MOTTLED OWL (Strix virgata).
1 heard Hacienda Amazónia.
 
CRESTED OWL (Lophostrix cristata).
2 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.

SPECTACLED OWL (Pulsatrix perspicillata).
1 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
AMAZONIAN PYGMY-OWL   (Glaucidium hardyi).
4 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.

FERRUGINOUS PYGMY-OWL (Glaucidium brasilianum).
1 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.

YUNGAS PYGMY-OWL (Glaucidium bolivianum).
1 heard Pillihuarta.
Note: A recent split from Andean Pygmy-owl (G. jardinii).

BURROWING OWL (Speotyto cunicularia).
1 Lomas de Lachay, 2 Playa Hermosa and 2 Lake Junin.
 
GREAT POTOO   (Nyctibius grandis).
1 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.

LONG-TAILED POTOO (Nyctibius aethereus).
1 seen on nest Hacienda Amazónia and 1 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.

GREY POTOO (Nyctibius griseus).
1 Hacienda Amazónia and 1 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.
Note: Previously considered conspecific with Northen Potoo (N. jamaicensis) of Central America under the name of Common Potoo.
 
RUFOUS-BELLIED NIGHTHAWK (Lurocalis rufiventris).
1 Pillihuarta.

SAND-COLORED NIGHTHAWK (Chordeiles rupestris).
60 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 60 Manu Wildlife Centre.

LESSER NIGHTHAWK (Chordeiles acutipennis).
1 Pisco (SP & MT).
 
PAURAQUE (Nyctidromus albicollis).
1 heard Hacienda Amazónia and 1 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.
  
OCELLATED POORWILL (Nyctiphrynus ocellatus).
2 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.

RUFOUS NIGHTJAR (Caprimulgus rufus).
2 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
CHESTNUT-COLLARED SWIFT (Streptoprocne rutila).
5 Machu Picchu - Cusco, 2 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta, 10 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata and 50 Hacienda Amazónia.

WHITE-COLLARED SWIFT (Streptoprocne zonaris).
34 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta, 20 Pillihuarta, 200 Atalaya, 5 Hacienda Amazónia, 15 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 50 Manu Wildlife Centre.

GREY-RUMPED/PALE-RUMPED SWIFT (Chaetura cinereiventris/egregia).
10 Hacienda Amazónia and 10 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
SHORT-TAILED SWIFT (Chaetura brachyura).
5 Hacienda Amazónia and 20 Manu Wildlife Centre.

ANDEAN SWIFT (Aeronautes andecolus).
10 Lake Junin - San Mateo, 10 Cusco and 5 Huacarpay Lakes - Urubamba.

FORK-TAILED PALM-SWIFT (Tachornis squamata).
4 Manu Wildlife Centre.

PALE-TAILED BARBTHROAT   (Threnetes leucurus).
1 Hacienda Amazónia.
 
GREEN HERMIT (Phaethornis guy).
1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

LONG-TAILED HERMIT   (Phaethornis superciliosus).
1 Hacienda Amazónia and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

WHITE-BEARDED HERMIT (Phaethornis hispidus).
2 Hacienda Amazónia.

KOEPCKE'S HERMIT (Phaethornis koepckeae).
2 Hacienda Amazónia.
Status: Near-threatened. 

REDDISH HERMIT (Phaethornis ruber).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre.

WHITE-NECKED JACOBIN (Florisuga mellivora).
1% Atalaya.
 
GREEN VIOLET-EAR (Colibri thalassinus).
2 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
 
SPARKLING VIOLET-EAR (Colibri coruscans).
1 San Mateo, 2 Sacsayhuaman, 15 Huacarpay Lake, 1 Ollantaytambo, 5 Paucartambo - Manu boundary, 2 Pillihuarta and 20 Atalaya.
 
VIOLET-HEADED HUMMINGBIRD (Klais guimeti).
1% Atalaya.
 
FESTIVE COQUETTE  (Lophornis chalybeus).
2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

BLACK-BELLIED THORNTAIL (Popelairia langsdorffi).
3 Manu Wildlife Centre.

BLUE-TAILED EMERALD (Chlorostilbon mellisugus).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre (UA).

FORK-TAILED WOODNYMPH (Thalurania furcata).
5 Atalaya, 2 Hacienda Amazónia and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
WHITE-CHINNED SAPPHIRE (Hylocharis cyanus).
1 Atalaya and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

GOLDEN-TAILED SAPPHIRE (Chrysuronia oenone).
2 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
GREEN-AND-WHITE HUMMINGBIRD (Amazilia viridicauda).
2 Machu Picchu.

AMAZILIA HUMMINGBIRD (Amazilia amazilia).
1 Lomas de Lachay and 5 Playa Hermosa.

SPECKLED HUMMINGBIRD (Adelomyia melanogenys).
1 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 2 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

GOULD'S JEWELFRONT (Heliodoxa aurescens).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre.

VIOLET-FRONTED BRILLIANT (Heliodoxa leadbeateri).
1& Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
ANDEAN HILLSTAR (Oreotrochilus estella).
1& San Mateo (EM).

BLACK-BREASTED HILLSTAR (Oreotrochilus melanogaster).
1% Marcapomacocha.

GIANT HUMMINGBIRD (Patagona gigas).
3 San Mateo and 1 Ollantaytambo
.
SHINING SUNBEAM (Aglaeactis cupripennis).
7 north of Abra Malaga Pass, 5 south of Abra Malaga Pass, 2 Paucartambo - Manu boundary and 1 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta.

WHITE-TUFTED SUNBEAM (Aglaeactis castelnaudii).
3 south of Abra Malaga Pass.

GREAT SAPPHIREWING (Pterophanes cyanopterus).
6 north of Abra Malaga Pass and 1 south of Abra Malaga Pass.

COLLARED INCA (Coeligena torquata).
2 Pillihuarta.

CHESTNUT-BREASTED CORONET (Boissonneaua matthewsii).
1 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

AMETHYST-THROATED SUNANGEL (Heliangelus amethysticollis).
3 Manu boundary - Pillhuata and 9 Pillihuarta.

BOOTED RACKET-TAIL (Ocreatus underwoodii).
3 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.
 
BLACK-TAILED TRAINBEARER (Lesbia victoriae).
1 Paucartambo - Manu boundary.

GREEN-TAILED TRAINBEARER (Lesbia nuna).
1 Junin - San Mateo, 2 Sacsayhuaman, 2 Huacarpay Lake, 1 Ollantaytambo and 2 Paucartambo - Manu boundary.

BRONZE-TAILED COMET (Polyonymus caroli).
1 San Mateo.

PURPLE-BACKED THORNBILL (Ramphomicron microrhynchum).
1 north of Abra Malaga Pass.

SCALED METALTAIL (Metallura aeneocauda).
1 north of Abra Malaga Pass.

BLACK METALTAIL (Metallura phoebe).
4 San Mateo.

TYRIAN METALTAIL (Metallura tyrianthina).
18 north of Abra Malaga Pass, 2 south of Abra Malaga Pass, 1 Paucartambo - Manu boundary and 6 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta.

RUFOUS-CAPPED THORNBILL (Chalcostigma ruficeps).
4 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

OLIVACEOUS THORNBILL (Chalcostigma olivaceum).
7 Milloc turnoff and 2 Lake Junin.

BLUE-MANTLED THORNBILL (Chalcostigma stanleyi).
2 Abra Malaga Pass (Polylepis forest).
 
LONG-TAILED SYLPH (Aglaiocercus kingi).
2 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

BEARDED MOUNTAINEER (Oreonympha nobilis).
3 Huacarpay Lake.

BLACK-EARED FAIRY   (Heliothryx aurita).
1 Hacienda Amazónia.

LONG-BILLED STARTHROAT (Heliomaster longirostris).
2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

OASIS HUMMINGBIRD   (Rhodopis vesper).
1 Playa Hermosa.

PERUVIAN SHEARTAIL (Thaumastura cora).
1% Playa Hermosa.

PURPLE-COLLARED WOODSTAR (Myrtis fanny).
2 Playa Hermosa.
 
WHITE-BELLIED WOODSTAR (Acestrura mulsant).
1% Pillihuarta.

CRESTED QUETZAL (Pharomachrus antisianus).
1 heard Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

GOLDEN-HEADED QUETZAL (Pharomachrus auriceps).
2 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 2 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

PAVONINE QUETZAL (Pharomachrus pavoninus).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre.

BLACK-TAILED TROGON (Trogon melanurus).
3 Atalaya, 1 Hacienda Amazónia and 6 Manu Wildlife Centre.

COLLARED TROGON   (Trogon collaris).
1 heard Hacienda Amazónia and 5 Manu Wildlife Centre.

MASKED TROGON (Trogon personatus).
1 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta, 4 Pillihuarta and 2 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

BLUE-CROWNED TROGON (Trogon curucui).
5 Atalaya, 5 Hacienda Amazónia, 1 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

VIOLACEOUS TROGON (Trogon violaceus).
2 Hacienda Amazónia.

RINGED KINGFISHER   (Ceryle torquata).
4 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

AMAZON KINGFISHER (Chloroceryle amazona).
1 Atalaya, 8 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 4 Manu Wildlife Centre.

GREEN KINGFISHER   (Chloroceryle americana).
1 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

AMERICAN PYGMY KINGFISHER (Chloroceryle aenea).
1 Hacienda Amazónia and 1 Manu Wildlife Centre.
BROAD-BILLED MOTMOT (Electron platyrhynchum).
2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

BLUE-CROWNED MOTMOT   (Momotus momota).
2 Hacienda Amazónia and 3 Manu Wildlife Centre.

HIGHLAND MOTMOT (Momotus aequatorialis).
2 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.
Note: A recent split fra Blue-crowned Motmot (M. momota).

PURUS (CHESTNUT) JACAMAR   (Galbalcyrhynchus purusianus).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre (Camunga trail).

BLUISH-FRONTED JACAMAR (Galbula cyanescens).
3 Atalaya, 2 Hacienda Amazónia and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
CHESTNUT-CAPPED PUFFBIRD (Bucco macrodactylus).
1 Hacienda Amazónia.
 
STRIOLATED PUFFBIRD (Nystalus striolatus).
3 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
RUFOUS-CAPPED NUNLET  (Nonnula ruficapilla).
1 Atalaya.

BLACK-FRONTED NUNBIRD   (Monasa nigrifrons).
12 Hacienda Amazónia and 4 Manu Wildlife Centre.

WHITE-FRONTED NUNBIRD (Monasa morphoeus).
3 Manu Wildlife Centre.

SWALLOW-WING (Chelidoptera tenebrosa).
20 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

BLACK-SPOTTED BARBET (Capito niger).
5 Manu Wildlife Centre.

LEMON-THROATED BARBET (Eubucco richardsoni).
2 Hacienda Amazónia and 3 Manu Wildlife Centre.

SCARLET-HOODED BARBET (Eubucco tucinkae).
1 Atalaya and 3 Manu Wildlife Centre.
Status: Near-threatened. 

VERSICOLORED BARBET (Eubucco versicolor).
2 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 4 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

EMERALD TOUCANET   (Aulacorhynchus prasinus).
3 Atalaya.
 
BLUE-BANDED TOUCANET (Aulacorhynchus coeruleicinctis).
2 Pillihuarta, 2 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
 
CHESTNUT-EARED ARACARI   (Pteroglossus castanotis).
4 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
GREY-BREASTED MOUNTAIN-TOUCAN (Andigena hypoglauca).
1 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta and 1 heard Pillihuarta.
Status: Near-threatened. 

GOLDEN-COLLARED TOUCANET   (Selenidera reinwardtii).
4 Manu Wildlife Centre.

YELLOW-RIDGED TOUCAN   (Ramphastos culminatus).
8 Manu Wildlife Centre.

CUVIER'S TOUCAN   (Ramphastos cuvieri).
2 Hacienda Amazónia, 2 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 10 Manu Wildlife Centre.

OCELLATED PICULET   (Picumnus dorbygnianus).
2 Machu Picchu.
 
FINE-BARRED PICULET  (Picumnus subtilis).
1 Atalaya and 2 Hacienda Amazónia.
Status: Near-threatened. 

YELLOW-TUFTED WOODPECKER (Melanerpes cruentatus).
1 Atalaya and 3 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
LITTLE WOODPECKER   (Veniliornis passerinus).
1 Hacienda Amazónia and 1 Manu Wildlife Centre.

RED-STAINED WOODPECKER   (Veniliornis affinis).
3 Manu Wildlife Centre.

WHITE-THROATED WOODPECKER (Piculus leucolaemus).
4 Manu Wildlife Centre.

GOLDEN-GREEN WOODPECKER   (Piculus chrysochloros).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre.

GOLDEN-OLIVE WOODPECKER   (Piculus rubiginosus).
1 Machu Picchu and 2 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
 
ANDEAN FLICKER (Colaptes rupicola).
2 Milloc turnoff, 2 Milloc turnoff - Marcapomacocha, 1 Marcapomacocha - Milloc turnoff, 8 Lake Junin and 5 Sacsayhauman.

RUFOUS-HEADED WOODPECKER (Celeus spectabilis).
3 Manu Wildlife Centre. (All in bamboo forest).

LINEATED WOODPECKER (Dryocopus lineatus).
1 Atalaya.

RED-NECKED WOODPECKER   (Campephilus rubricollis).
4 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
CRIMSON-CRESTED WOODPECKER (Campephilus melanoleucos).
3 Atalaya, 3 Hacienda Amazónia and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

TYRANNINE WOODCREEPER (Dendrocincla tyrannina).
1 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

PLAIN-BROWN WOODCREEPER   (Dendrocincla fuliginosa).
3 Manu Wildlife Centre.

LONG-TAILED WOODCREEPER (Deconychura longicauda).
3 Manu Wildlife Centre.

OLIVACEOUS WOODCREEPER (Sittasomus griseicapillus).
1 Atalaya, 2 Hacienda Amazónia and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

WEDGE-BILLED WOODCREEPER (Glyphorynchus spirurus).
1 Hacienda Amazónia and 1 Manu Wildlife Centre.

LONG-BILLED WOODCREEPER (Nasica longirostris).
1 Boca Manu Airport.

CINNAMON-THROATED WOODCREEPER (Dendrexetastes rufigula).
1 heard Hacienda Amazónia and 2 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.

STRONG-BILLED WOODCREEPER (Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus).
2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

STRAIGHT-BILLED WOODCREEPER (Xiphorhynchus picus).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre.

STRIPED WOODCREEPER (Xiphorhynchus obsoletus).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre.

OCELLATED WOODCREEPER (Xiphorhynchus ocellatus).
1 Hacienda Amazónia and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

BUFF-THROATED WOODCREEPER (Xiphorhynchus guttatus).
2 Hacienda Amazónia and 8 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
MONTANE WOODCREEPER (Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger).
2 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta, 5 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 3 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Note: A recent split from Spot-crowned Woodcreeper (L. affinis).

GREATER SCYTHEBILL   (Campylorhamphus pucherani).
1 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Status: Near-threatened. 

RED-BILLED SCYTHEBILL (Campylorhamphus trochilirostris).
3 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
COMMON MINER (Geositta cunicularia).
10 Milloc turnoff - Marcapomacocha and 20 Lake Junin.

GREYISH MINER (Geositta maritima).
15 Lomas de Lachay.

COASTAL MINER (Geositta peruviana).
20 Lomas de Lachay and 3 Paracas.

DARK-WINGED MINER (Geositta saxicolina).
15 Milloc turnoff and 5 Lake Junin.

THICK-BILLED MINER (Geositta crassirostris).
2 Lomas de Lachay.

SLENDER-BILLED MINER (Geositta tenuirostris).
2 Milloc turnoff and 3 Lake Junin.

PLAIN-BREASTED EARTHCREEPER (Upucerthia jelskii).
3 Milloc turnoff.

BAR-WINGED CINCLODES (Cinclodes fuscus).
10 Milloc turnoff, common Milloc turnoff - Marcapomacocha, 50 Lake Junin, 20 Abra Malaga Pass and Ollantaytambo.

PERUVIAN SEASIDE CINCLODES (Cinclodes taczanowskii).
4 Paracas (2 of which on Islas Ballestas).
Note: Also known as Surf Cinclodes.

WHITE-WINGED CINCLODES   (Cinclodes atacamensis).
3 Milloc turnoff and 3 Marcapomacocha - Milloc turnoff.

PALE-LEGGED HORNERO   (Furnarius leucopus).
3 Atalaya and 1 Hacienda Amazónia.

TAWNY TIT-SPINETAIL (Leptasthenura yanacensis).
2 Abra Malaga Pass (Polylepis forest).
Status: Near-threatened. 

RUSTY-CROWNED TIT-SPINETAIL (Leptasthenura pileata).
4 San Mateo.

WHITE-BROWED TIT-SPINETAIL (Leptasthenura xenothorax).
4 Abra Malaga Pass (Polylepis forest).
Status: Critical.

PUNA THISTLETAIL (Schizoeaca helleri).
5 North of Abra Malaga Pass and 1 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta.
 
AZARA'S SPINETAIL (Synallaxis azarae).
2 Machu Picchu, 7 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta, 2 Pillihuarta and 5 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

DARK-BREASTED SPINETAIL (Synallaxis albigularis).
2 Hacienda Amazónia.

CABANIS' SPINETAIL (Synallaxis cabanisi).
2 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata, 1 Hacienda Amazónia and 3 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
PLAIN-CROWNED SPINETAIL (Synallaxis gujanensis).
2 heard Atalaya and 1 Manu Wildlife Centre.

ASH-BROWED SPINETAIL (Cranioleuca curtata).
1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

MARCAPATA SPINETAIL   (Cranioleuca marcapatae).
1 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta and 1 Pillihuarta.

CREAMY-CRESTED SPINETAIL (Cranioleuca albicapilla).
1 south of Abra Malaga Pass and 3 Paucartambo - Manu boundary.

SPECKLED SPINETAIL (Cranioleuca gutturata).
2 Hacienda Amazónia.
 
CANYON CANASTERO   (Asthenes pudibunda).
4 San Mateo.

RUSTY-FRONTED CANASTERO (Asthenes ottonis).
3 Huacarpay Lake.

CACTUS CANASTERO (Asthenes cactorum).
3 Lomas de Lachay.
Status: Near-threatened. 

CORDILLERAN CANASTERO (Asthenes modesta).
1 Marcapomacocha - Milloc turnoff.
 
STREAK-THROATED CANASTERO (Asthenes humilis).
3 Milloc turnoff and 1 Abra Malaga Pass (Polylepis forest).
 
LINE-FRONTED CANASTERO (Asthenes urubambensis).
1 probable north of Abra Malaga Pass and 1 Abra Malaga Pass (Polylepis forest).
Note: The former appeared when we played a tape recording of Junin Canastero (A. virgata), reacting very aggressively. Its plumage was somewhat intermediate between virgata and urubambensis, showing the reddish brown wings of the former and the unstreaked back of the latter. 
Status: Near-threatened. 
 
STREAK-FRONTED THORNBIRD (Phacellodomus striaticeps).
2 Huacarpay Lake.

PLAIN SOFTTAIL (Phacellodomus fusciceps).
8 Manu Wildlife Centre.

WREN-LIKE RUSHBIRD   (Phleocryptes melanops).
4 Pantanos de Villa and 1 Lake Junin.
 
SPOTTED BARBTAIL (Premnoplex brunnescens).
2 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

PEARLED TREERUNNER (Margarornis squamiger).
1 North of Abra Malaga Pass, 4 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta and 10 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

STREAKED TUFTEDCHEEK   (Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii).
1 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta, 5 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 2 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
 
STRIPED WOODHAUNTER  (Hyloctistes subulatus)
1 Hacienda Amazónia (JM).

MONTANE FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Anabacerthia striaticollis).
1 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 4 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

RUFOUS-TAILED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Philydor ruficaudatus).
2 Hacienda Amazónia and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

CINNAMON-RUMPED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Philydor pyrrhodes).
1 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.

CHESTNUT-WINGED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Philydor erythropterus).
6 Manu Wildlife Centre (UA & JM).

BUFF-FRONTED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Philydor rufus).
4 Manu Wildlife Centre.

PERUVIAN RECURVEBILL (Simoxenops ucayalae).
2 Manu Wildlife Centre (Bamboo trail near centre).
Status: Near-threatened. 

BUFF-THROATED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Automolus ochrolaemus).
2 Atalaya, 3 Hacienda Amazónia and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

CRESTED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Automolus dorsalis).
3 Atalaya and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

OLIVE-BACKED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Automolus infuscatus).
1 Hacienda Amazónia and 8 Manu Wildlife Centre.

BROWN-RUMPED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Automolus melanopezus).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre (“exploratory bamboo trail”).

CHESTNUT-CROWNED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Automolus rufipileatus).
4 Hacienda Amazónia and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

BLACK-TAILED LEAFTOSSER (Sclerurus caudacutus).
2 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
PLAIN XENOPS  (Xenops minutus).
1 Hacienda Amazónia and 3 Manu Wildlife Centre.

STREAKED XENOPS (Xenops rutilans).
2 Machu Picchu, 1 Atalaya and 1 Hacienda Amazónia.

FASCIATED ANTSHRIKE (Cymbilaimus lineatus).
1 heard Hacienda Amazónia and 1 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.

BAMBOO ANTSHRIKE   (Cymbilaimus sanctaemariae).
7 Atalaya, 1 Hacienda Amazónia and 5 Manu Wildlife Centre.

GREAT ANTSHRIKE (Taraba major).
1 Atalaya and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

CHESTNUT-BACKED ANTSHRIKE (Thamnophilus palliatus).
1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 2 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.
 
PLAIN-WINGED ANTSHRIKE (Thamnophilus schistaceus).
8 Atalaya, 3 Hacienda Amazónia and 1 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
VARIABLE ANTSHRIKE (Thamnophilus caerulescens).
1% Machu Picchu.

SPOT-WINGED ANTSHRIKE (Pygiptila stellaris).
2 Hacienda Amazónia and more than 10 Manu Wildlife Centre.

RUSSET ANTSHRIKE (Thamnistes anabatinus).
1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.
 
DUSKY-THROATED ANTSHRIKE (Thamnomanes ardesiacus).
1 Atalaya, 1 Hacienda Amazónia and 4 Manu Wildlife Centre.

BLUISH-SLATE ANTSHRIKE   (Thamnomanes schistogynus).
1 Atalaya, 5 Hacienda Amazónia and 10 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
PYGMY ANTWREN (Myrmotherula brachyura).
6 Hacienda Amazónia and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

SCLATER'S ANTWREN (Myrmotherula sclateri).
1% Manu Wildlife Centre.

STREAKED ANTWREN   (Myrmotherula surinamensis).
2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

STRIPE-CHESTED ANTWREN (Myrmotherula longicauda).
6 Atalaya.

PLAIN-THROATED ANTWREN (Myrmotherula hauxwelli).
8 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
STIPPLE-THROATED ANTWREN (Myrmotherula haematonota).
4 Manu Wildlife Centre.

ORNATE ANTWREN (Myrmotherula ornata).
1 heard Hacienda Amazónia.

RUFOUS-TAILED ANTWREN   (Myrmotherula erythrura).
1% Atalaya and 4 Hacienda Amazónia (JM).

WHITE-FLANKED ANTWREN (Myrmotherula axillaris).
10+ Manu Wildlife Centre.

SLATY ANTWREN (Myrmotherula schisticolor).
1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

LONG-WINGED ANTWREN   (Myrmotherula longipennis).
1 Hacienda Amazónia and 15 Manu Wildlife Centre.

IHERING'S ANTWREN (Myrmotherula iheringi).
4 Manu Wildlife Centre (bamboo trail near lodge and “exploratory bamboo trail”).

GREY ANTWREN (Myrmotherula menetriesii).
1 Atalaya, 1 Hacienda Amazónia and 10 Manu Wildlife Centre.

BANDED ANTBIRD (Dichrozona cincta).
2 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.

STRIATED ANTBIRD (Drymophila devillei).
4 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
CHESTNUT-SHOULDERED ANTWREN (Terenura humeralis).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
GREY ANTBIRD  (Cercomacra cinerascens).
2 Hacienda Amazónia and 1 Manu Wildlife Centre.

BLACKISH ANTBIRD  (Cercomacra nigrescens).
3 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.

BLACK ANTBIRD  (Cercomacra serva).
1 heard Atalaya and 1 heard Hacienda Amazónia.

MANU ANTBIRD (Cercomacra manu).
2 heard Atalaya and 5 Manu Wildlife Centre.

WHITE-BACKED FIRE-EYE   (Pyriglena leuconota).
4 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

WHITE-BROWED ANTBIRD (Myrmoborus leucophrys).
3 Atalaya, 4 Hacienda Amazónia and 5 Manu Wildlife Centre.

BLACK-FACED ANTBIRD   (Myrmoborus myotherinus).
1 Hacienda Amazónia and 4 Manu Wildlife Centre.

WARBLING ANTBIRD   (Hypocnemis cantator).
2 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata, 4 Hacienda Amazónia and 3 Manu Wildlife Centre.

BAND-TAILED ANTBIRD   (Hypocnemoides maculicauda).
2 Hacienda Amazónia and 3 Manu Wildlife Centre.

SILVERED ANTBIRD (Sclateria naevia).
2 Hacienda Amazónia and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

WHITE-LINED ANTBIRD (Percnostola lophotes).
2 Atalaya, 5 Hacienda Amazónia and 3 Manu Wildlife Centre.

CHESTNUT-TAILED ANTBIRD   (Myrmeciza hemimelaena).
3 Atalaya, 5 Hacienda Amazónia and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

PLUMBEOUS ANTBIRD (Myrmeciza hyperythra).
1 heard Hacienda Amazónia and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

GOELDI'S ANTBIRD (Myrmeciza goeldii).
4 Hacienda Amazónia and 1 Manu Wildlife Centre.

SOOTY ANTBIRD (Myrmeciza fortis).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre (JM).
 
BLACK-THROATED ANTBIRD (Myrmeciza atrothorax).
4 Hacienda Amazónia and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

SPOT-BACKED ANTBIRD (Hylophylax naevia).
4 Hacienda Amazónia.
 
BLACK-SPOTTED BARE-EYE (Phlegopsis nigromaculata).
2 heard Hacienda Amazónia and 1 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.

RUFOUS-CAPPED ANTTHRUSH (Formicarius colma).
4 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
BLACK-FACED ANTTHRUSH   (Formicarius analis).
6-8 heard Hacienda Amazónia and 4 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.

RUFOUS-FRONTED ANTTHRUSH (Formicarius rufifrons).
3 Manu Wildlife Centre (“old bamboo trail”).
Status: Vulnerable.

RUFOUS-BREASTED ANTTHRUSH (Formicarius rufipectus).
1 heard Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 1 heard Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.
 
BARRED ANTTHRUSH (Chamaeza mollissima).
1 heard Manu boundary - Pillihuarta and 3 heard Pillihuarta.

SCALED ANTPITTA   (Grallaria guatimalensis).
1 heard Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
 
STRIPE-HEADED ANTPITTA (Grallaria andicola).
2 heard (and 4 seen by BW) Abra Malaga Pass (Polylepis forest).

RED-AND-WHITE ANTPITTA (Grallaria erythroleuca).
2 heard Manu - Pillihuarta and 3 heard Pillihuarta.

RUFOUS ANTPITTA (Grallaria rufula).
3 heard north of Abra Malaga Pass.

AMAZONIAN ANTPITTA (Hylopezus berlepschi).
1 heard Atalaya, 1 heard Hacienda Amazónia and 1 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.

THRUSH-LIKE ANTPITTA (Myrmothera campanisona).
2-4 heard and 1 seen Hacienda Amazónia and 2 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.

ASH-THROATED GNATEATER (Conopophaga peruviana).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre.

SLATY GNATEATER (Conopophaga ardesiaca).
3 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

RUSTY-BELTED TAPACULO (Liosceles thoracicus).
1 heard Atalaya, 1 Hacienda Amazónia and 3 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.

UNICOLORED TAPACULO  (Scytalopus unicolor).
1 north of Abra Malaga Pass and 2 heard Manu boundary - Pillihuarta.

SOUTHERN WHITE-CROWNED TAPACULO (Scytalopus bolivianus).
2 heard Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 2 heard Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

ANDEAN TAPACULO   (Scytalopus magellanicus).
4 heard north of Abra Malaga Pass and 1 in the Polylepis Forest (Abra Malaga Pass).

DIADEMED TAPACULO (Scytalopus schulenbergi). 
4 heard north of Abra Malaga Pass.

CINEREOUS MOURNER  (Laniocera hypopyrra)
1 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.

RED-CRESTED COTINGA (Ampelion rubrocristata).
6 north of Abra Malaga Pass.
 
BARRED FRUITEATER (Pipreola arcuata).
1 heard Manu boundary - Pillihuarta and 2 heard Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

WHITE-BROWED PURPLETUFT (Iodopleura isabellae).
2 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
SCREAMING PIHA (Lipaugus vociferans).
8 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
PLUM-THROATED COTINGA (Cotinga maynana).
3 Atalaya and 1 Hacienda Amazónia.

BARE-NECKED FRUITCROW (Gymnoderus foetidus).
2 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
PURPLE-THROATED FRUITCROW (Querula purpurata).
4 Manu Wildlife Centre.

AMAZONIAN UMBRELLABIRD (Cephalopterus ornatus).
2 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre - Boca Manu Airport.

ANDEAN COCK-OF-THE-ROCK (Rupicola peruviana).
1 Machu Picchu, 3%% Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 7-8%%1& Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 1% Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

BAND-TAILED MANAKIN (Pipra fasciicauda).
5 Hacienda Amazónia and 5 Manu Wildlife Centre.

ROUND-TAILED MANAKIN (Pipra chloromeros).
4%% Hacienda Amazónia and 1 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
BLUE-CROWNED MANAKIN (Pipra coronata).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre (BW & UA).

CERULEAN-CAPPED MANAKIN (Pipra coeruleocapilla).
1 heard Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 1% Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.
 
YUNGAS MANAKIN   (Chiroxiphia boliviana).
6 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Note: A recent split from Blue-backed Manakin (C. pareola).
 
FIERY-CAPPED MANAKIN (Machaeropterus pyrocephalus).
1% Hacienda Amazónia.
 
DWARF TYRANT-MANAKIN (Tyranneutes stolzmanni).
6 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.

WING-BARRED PIPRITES (Piprites chloris).
1 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.

STREAK-NECKED FLYCATCHER (Mionectes striaticollis).
1 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta and 3 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

OLIVE-STRIPED FLYCATCHER (Mionectes olivaceus).
3 Atalaya.

OCHRE-BELLIED FLYCATCHER   (Mionectes oleagineus).
1 Atalaya.

MCCONNELL'S FLYCATCHER (Mionectes macconnelli).
2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

INCA FLYCATCHER (Leptopogon taczanowskii).
3 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

SEPIA-CAPPED FLYCATCHER   (Leptopogon amaurocephalus).
1 Atalaya and 1 Hacienda Amazónia.
 
WHITE-CHEEKED TODY-TYRANT (Poecilotriccus albifacies).
2 Manu Wildlife Centre (“Exploratory bamboo trail”).
Status: Near-threatened. 

FLAMMULATED BAMBOO-TYRANT (Hemitriccus flammulatus).
1 Atalaya and 2 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.

WHITE-BELLIED TODY-TYRANT (Hemitriccus griseipectus).
5+ Manu Wildlife Centre.
Note: A recent split from White-eyed Tody-tyrant (Hemitriccus zosterops).

JOHANNES' TODY-TYRANT (Hemitriccus iohannis).
5+ Hacienda Amazónia.
Note: A recent split from Stripe-necked Tody-tyrant (H. striaticollis).
 
RUSTY-FRONTED TODY-FLYCATCHER (Todirostrum latirostre).
1 heard Hacienda Amazónia.

SPOTTED TODY-FLYCATCHER (Todirostrum maculatum).
1 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.

COMMON TODY-FLYCATCHER (Todirostrum cinereum).
1 Machu Picchu.

YELLOW-BROWED TODY-FLYCATCHER (Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre. 

RINGED ANTPIPIT (Corythopis torquata).
3 Hacienda Amazónia and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

SCLATER'S TYRANNULET   (Phyllomyias sclateri).
3 Machu Picchu.
 
ASHY-HEADED TYRANNULET   (Phyllomyias cinereiceps).
2 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

YELLOW-CROWNED TYRANNULET (Tyrannulus elatus).
1 Atalaya.
 
WHITE-CRESTED ELAENIA   (Elaenia albiceps).
1 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta and 4 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

MOTTLE-BACKED ELAENIA (Elaenia gigas).
1 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre.

HIGHLAND ELAENIA   (Elaenia obscura).
1 Paucartambo - Manu boundary.

SIERRAN ELAENIA (Elaenia pallatangae).
1 Machu Picchu, 2 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta and 1 Pillihuarta.

WHITE-THROATED TYRANNULET (Mecocerculus leucophrys).
3 North of Abra Malaga Pass and 12 Pillihuarta.

WHITE-BANDED TYRANNULET   (Mecocerculus stictopterus).
1 Manu boundary - Pillihuata and  9 Pillihuarta.

TORRENT TYRANNULET (Serpophaga cinerea).
1 Huacarpay Lakes - Urubamba, 3 Ollantaytambo, 4 Ollantaytambo - Machu Picchu and 2 Machu Picchu.

ASH-BREASTED TIT-TYRANT (Anairetes alpinus).
2 Abra Malaga Pass (Polylepis forest).
 
YELLOW-BILLED TIT-TYRANT   (Anairetes flavirostris).
4 Paucartambo - Manu boundary.

TUFTED TIT-TYRANT   (Anairetes parulus).
2 north of Abra Malaga Pass, 2 Abra Malaga Pass (Polylepis forest) and 1 Paucartambo - Manu boundary.

MANY-COLORED RUSH-TYRANT (Tachuris rubrigastra).
3 Pantanos de Villa and 3 Huacarpay Lake.

MARBLE-FACED BRISTLE-TYRANT (Phylloscartes ophthalmicus).
1 Pillihuarta, 1 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.
 
RUFOUS-LORED TYRANNULET   (Phylloscartes flaviventris).
1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

SHORT-TAILED PYGMY-TYRANT (Myiornis ecaudatus).
3 Hacienda Amazónia.

SCALE-CRESTED PYGMY-TYRANT (Lophotriccus pileatus).
1 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 3 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 3 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

LARGE-HEADED FLATBILL (Ramphotrigon megacephala).
1 Atalaya and 6 Manu Wildlife Centre (bamboo trail near lodge).
 
DUSKY-TAILED FLATBILL (Ramphotrigon fuscicauda).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre (bamboo trail near lodge).

RUFOUS-TAILED FLATBILL (Ramphotrigon ruficauda).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre (Camunga trail).
 
FULVOUS-BREASTED FLATBILL (Ramphotrigon fulvipectus).
1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

YELLOW-MARGINED FLYCATCHER (Tolmomyias assimilis).
4 Hacienda Amazónia.

YELLOW-BREASTED FLYCATCHER (Tolmomyias flaviventris).
2 Atalaya.

GREY-CROWNED FLYCATCHER (Tolmomyias poliocephalus).
2 Atalaya.

GOLDEN-CROWNED SPADEBILL (Platyrinchus coronatus).
5 Manu Wildlife Centre.

WHITE-CRESTED SPADEBILL (Platyrinchus platyrhynchos).
1 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.

BRAN-COLORED FLYCATCHER (Myiophobus fasciatus).
1 Playa Hermosa, 1 Atalaya and 1 Hacienda Amazónia.

RUDDY-TAILED FLYCATCHER (Myiobius erythrurus).
1 Hacienda Amazónia.
 
TAWNY-BREASTED FLYCATCHER (Myiobius villosus).
1 Atalaya.

CINNAMON FLYCATCHER (Pyrrhomyias cinnamomea).
1 Machu Picchu, 5 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta, 15 Pillihuarta, 5 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

FUSCOUS FLYCATCHER (Cnemotriccus fuscatus).
1 Hacienda Amazónia.

EULER'S FLYCATCHER   (Lathrotriccus euleri).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre.

OLIVE-TUFTED FLYCATCHER (Mitrephanes olivaceus).
1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

SMOKE-COLORED PEWEE   (Contopus fumigatus).
2 Machu Picchu, 1 Pillihuarta and 2 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
 
BLACK PHOEBE (Sayornis nigricans).
3 Ollantaytambo, 4 Ollantaytambo - Machu Picchu, 1 Machu Picchu, 2 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 3 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

VERMILION FLYCATCHER (Pyrocephalus rubinus).
2 Lima - Lomas de Lachay, 4 Lomas de Lachay, 1 Pucusana, 6 Playa Hermosa, 2 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

CROWNED CHAT-TYRANT (Silvicultrix frontalis).
1 north of Abra Malaga Pass.
 
SLATY-BACKED CHAT-TYRANT (Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris).
4 Pillihuarta.

RUFOUS-BREASTED CHAT-TYRANT (Ochthoeca rufipectoralis).
4 north of Abra Malaga Pass and 6 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta.

BROWN-BACKED CHAT-TYRANT (Ochthoeca fumicolor).
3 north of Abra Malaga Pass and 3 Abra Malaga Pass (Polylepis forest).

WHITE-BROWED CHAT-TYRANT   (Ochthoeca leucophrys).
2 San Mateo, 1 Sacsayhuaman and 2 Huacarpay Lake.

DRAB WATER-TYRANT (Ochthornis littoralis).
5 Hazienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre, 1 Manu Wildlife Centre.

RED-RUMPED BUSH-TYRANT   (Cnemarchus erythropygius).
1 Abra Malaga Pass (Polylepis forest).

STREAK-THROATED BUSH-TYRANT (Myiotheretes striaticollis).
1 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta and 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

RUFOUS-BELLIED BUSH-TYRANT (Myiotheretes fuscorufus).
2 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

BLACK-BILLED SHRIKE-TYRANT (Agriornis montana).
4 Lake Junin and 2 Junin - San Mateo.

RUFOUS-WEBBED TYRANT   (Polioxolmis rufipennis).
3 Abra Malaga Pass (Polylepis forest) and 5 south of Abra Malaga Pass.

SPOT-BILLED GROUND-TYRANT (Muscisaxicola maculirostris).
2 Huacarpay Lake.

LITTLE GROUND-TYRANT (Muscisaxicola fluviatilis).
1 Hacienda Amazónia and 1 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
RUFOUS-NAPED GROUND-TYRANT (Muscisaxicola rufivertex).
4 Huacarpay Lake.

PUNA GROUND-TYRANT    (Muscisaxicola juninensis).
4 Milloc turnoff and 15 Abra Malaga Pass (Polylepis forest).

PLAIN-CAPPED GROUND-TYRANT   (Muscisaxicola alpina).
5 Milloc turnoff and 9 Abra Malaga Pass (Polylepis forest).

CINEREOUS GROUND-TYRANT (Muscisaxicola cinerea).
2 Milloc turnoff.

WHITE-FRONTED GROUND-TYRANT   (Muscisaxicola albifrons).
30 Milloc turnoff, 1 Marcapomacocha - Milloc turnoff and 2 Milloc turnoff - Central Highway.

OCHRE-NAPED GROUND-TYRANT   (Muscisaxicola flavinucha).
5 Milloc turnoff.

SHORT-TAILED FIELD-TYRANT (Muscigralla brevicauda).
4 Lomas de Lachay and 5 Playa Hermosa.

ANDEAN NEGRITO (Lessonia oreas).
1 Marcapomacocha, 20 Lake Junin and 2 Huacarpay Lakes.
 
WHITE-WINGED BLACK-TYRANT (Knipolegus aterrimus).
1% Machu Picchu and 1 Pillihuarta.

LONG-TAILED TYRANT   (Colonia colonus).
2 Atalaya, 1 Hacienda Amazónia- Manu Wildlife Centre and 1 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
DULL-CAPPED ATTILA   (Attila bolivianus).
10 Manu Wildlife Centre.

BRIGHT-RUMPED ATTILA   (Attila spadiceus).
1 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.

GREYISH MOURNER (Rhytipterna simplex).
3 Manu Wildlife Centre.

DUSKY-CAPPED FLYCATCHER (Myiarchus tuberculifer).
2 Pillihuarta, 3 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

SHORT-CRESTED FLYCATCHER (Myiarchus ferox).
2 Atalaya, 2 Hacienda Amazónia and 1 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
TROPICAL KINGBIRD (Tyrannus melancholicus).
2 Ollantaytambo - Machu Picchu, 2 Machu Picchu, 4 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 10 Atalaya, 2 Hacienda Amazónia and 50 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre.

VARIEGATED FLYCATCHER   (Empidonomus varius).
2 Atalaya.

CROWNED SLATY-FLYCATCHER (Griseotyrannus aurantioatrocristatus).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre.

BOAT-BILLED FLYCATCHER (Megarynchus pitangua).
1 Atalaya and 2 Hacienda Amazónia.

LEMON-BROWED FLYCATCHER (Conopias cinchoneti).
3 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

GOLDEN-CROWNED FLYCATCHER (Myiodynastes chrysocephalus).
2 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

STREAKED FLYCATCHER (Myiodynastes maculatus).
1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 1 Hacienda Amazónia and 1 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
SOCIAL FLYCATCHER (Myiozetetes similis).
2 Hacienda Amazónia, 10 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

GREY-CAPPED FLYCATCHER (Myiozetetes granadensis).
1 Atalaya and 2 Hacienda Amazónia.
 
LESSER KISKADEE   (Philohydor lictor).
2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

GREAT KISKADEE   (Pitangus sulphuratus).
1 Atalaya, 2 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

THRUSH-LIKE SCHIFFORNIS (Schiffornis turdinus).
2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

BARRED BECARD   (Pachyramphus versicolor).
1 Machu Picchu, 3 Pillihuarta and 2 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

WHITE-WINGED BECARD (Pachyramphus polychopterus).
2 Atalaya and 1 Hacienda Amazónia.
 
PINK-THROATED BECARD (Pachyramphus minor).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre (IMM).
 
MASKED TITYRA (Tityra semifasciata).
2 Atalaya.

WHITE-COLLARED JAY (Cyanolyca viridicyana).
2 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta and 4 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Note: Sometimes regarded as conspecific with Black-collared Jay (C. armillata).
 
PURPLISH JAY (Cyanocorax cyanomelas).
8 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre.

VIOLACEOUS JAY   (Cyanocorax violaceus).
6 Atalaya, 4 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 7 Manu Wildlife Centre.

GREEN JAY (Cyanocorax yncas).
1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata and 1 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
RED-EYED VIREO (Vireo olivaceus).
10 Atalaya, 8 Hacienda Amazónia and 10 Manu Wildlife Centre.

BROWN-CAPPED VIREO (Vireo leucophrys).
1 Machu Picchu and 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

DUSKY-CAPPED GREENLET (Hylophilus hypoxanthus).
3 Hacienda Amazónia and 5 Manu Wildlife Centre.

TAWNY-CROWNED GREENLET (Hylophilus ochraceiceps).
1 Atalaya, 1 Hacienda Amazónia and 10 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
WHITE-CAPPED DIPPER (Cinclus leucocephalus).
2 Machu Picchu - Cusco and 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

ANDEAN SOLITAIRE   (Myadestes ralloides).
1 Machu Picchu, 1 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta, 2 Pillihuarta, 6 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 4 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.
 
CHIGUANCO THRUSH   (Turdus chiguanco).
10 Lake Junin, 7 Sacsayhuaman, 2 Cusco - Huacarpay Lake, 10 Huacarpay Lakes - Urubamba, 1 south of Abra Malaga Pass, 1 Machu Picchu and 10 Paucartambo - Manu boundary.
 
GREAT THRUSH   (Turdus fuscater).
15 north of Abra Malaga Pass, 15 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta and 4 Pillihuarta.

BLACK-BILLED THRUSH (Turdus ignobilis).
2 Hacienda Amazónia.

HAUXWELL'S THRUSH   (Turdus hauxwelli).
2 Hacienda Amazónia.

WHITE-NECKED THRUSH (Turdus albicollis).
3 Manu Wildlife Centre.

LONG-TAILED MOCKINGBIRD (Mimus longicaudatus).
2 Pucusana - Playa Hermosa and 4 Playa Hermosa.

BLACK-CAPPED DONACOBIUS   (Donacobius atricapillus).
2 Hacienda Amazónia and 10 Manu Wildlife Centre.

THRUSH-LIKE WREN   (Campylorhynchus turdinus).
18 Manu Wildlife Centre.

GREY-MANTLED WREN   (Odontorchilus branickii).
2 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

SUPERCILIATED WREN (Cinnycerthia fulva).
7 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta and 4 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
Note: This is a split from Sepia-brown Wren. The name will have to change, since Superciliated Wren is already in use (for Thryothorus superciliaris).
 
INCA WREN   (Thryothorus eisenmanni).
1 Machu Picchu.

MOUSTACHED WREN (Thryothorus genibarbis)
1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata, 2 Atalaya and 10 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 					
HOUSE WREN   (Troglodytes aedon).
2 Lomas de Lachay, 2 Playa Hermosa, 1 Sacsayhuaman, 1 north of Abra Malaga Pass and 2 Hacienda Amazónia.

MOUNTAIN WREN   (Troglodytes solstitialis).
2 north of Abra Malaga Pass and 2 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta.

GREY-BREASTED WOOD-WREN (Henicorhina leucophrys).
1 Machu Picchu, 1 Pillihuarta, 3 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 11 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

SOUTHERN NIGHTINGALE-WREN (Microcerculus marginatus).
3 heard Atalaya, 1 heard Hacienda Amazónia and 1 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.

CHESTNUT-BREASTED WREN  (Cyphorhinus thoracicus).
2 heard Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 1 heard Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

MUSICIAN WREN  (Cyphorhinus aradus).
1 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.

TAWNY-FACED GNATWREN (Microbates cinereiventris).
2 Hacienda Amazónia.
 
WHITE-WINGED SWALLOW   (Tachycineta albiventer).
6 Atalaya, 100 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 50 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
BROWN-CHESTED MARTIN   (Phaeoprogne tapera).
2 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 20 Manu Wildlife Centre.

GREY-BREASTED MARTIN (Progne chalybea).
2 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre.

BROWN-BELLIED SWALLOW   (Notiochelidon murina).
3 north of Abra Malaga Pass, 30 Machu Picchu - Cusco and 20 Paucartambo - Manu boundary.
 
BLUE-AND-WHITE SWALLOW (Notiochelidon cyanoleuca).
Common Lima - Lomas de Lachay, 6 Pantanos de Villa, 200 Playa Hermosa, 4 Lake Junin, 2 Ollantaytambo - Machu Picchu, 20 Machu Picchu and 1 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta.

PALE-FOOTED SWALLOW   (Notiochelidon flavipes).
20 north of Abra Malaga Pass.

WHITE-BANDED SWALLOW (Atticora fasciata).
2 Atalaya, 25 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 30 Manu Wildlife Centre.

ANDEAN SWALLOW (Stelgidopteryx andecola).
15 Lake Junin.

SOUTHERN ROUGH-WINGED SWALLOW (Stelgidopteryx ruficollis).
5 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 10 Atalaya and 30 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre.

CHESTNUT-COLLARED SWALLOW (Hirundo rufocollaris).
1 Pantanos de Villa (UA) and 3 Playa Hermosa.

HOUSE SPARROW (Passer domesticus).
3 Lomas de Lachay and 4 Pucusana.

CORRENDERA PIPIT (Anthus correndera).
5 Lake Junin.

SHORT-BILLED PIPIT (Anthus furcatus).
2 Lake Junin.

PARAMO PIPIT   (Anthus bogotensis).
3 Lake Junin.
 
HOODED SISKIN (Carduelis magellanica).
5 Lomas de Lachay, 100 Playa Hermosa, 12 Sacsayhuaman, 1 Abra Malaga Pass (Polylepis forest), 10 Machu Picchu, 30 Paucartambo - Manu boundary and 1 Atalaya.

OLIVACEOUS SISKIN (Carduelis olivacea).
8 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 4 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata and 10 Atalaya.

BLACK SISKIN (Carduelis atrata).
6 Lake Junin.
 
TROPICAL PARULA (Parula pitiayumi).
1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
 
SLATE-THROATED REDSTART (Myioborus miniatus).
8 Machu Picchu, 4 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 10 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 3 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

SPECTACLED REDSTART (Myioborus melanocephalus).
3 North of Abra Malaga Pass, 2 Machu Picchu, 1 Paucartambo - Manu boundary and 24 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

TWO-BANDED WARBLER (Basileuterus bivittatus).
8 Atalaya and 1 Hacienda Amazónia.
 
CITRINE WARBLER (Basileuterus luteoviridis).
10 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

RUSSET-CROWNED WARBLER (Basileuterus coronatus).
4 Machu Picchu and 2 Pillihuarta.

THREE-STRIPED WARBLER (Basileuterus tristriatus).
10 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 2 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 2 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

BUFF-RUMPED WARBLER (Basileuterus fulvicauda).
2 Atalaya, 2 Hacienda Amazónia and 1 Manu Wildlife Centre.

RUFOUS-COLLARED SPARROW (Zonotrichia capensis).
1 Lomas de Lachay, very common Lake Junin, Cusco area and Huacarpay Lake, 10 Abra Malaga Pass (Polylepis forest), 3 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta and 12 Pillihuarta.

YELLOW-BROWED SPARROW   (Ammodramus aurifrons).
4 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata, 2 Hacienda Amazónia and 1 Boca Manu Airport.
 
PECTORAL SPARROW (Arremon taciturnus).
1 Hacienda Amazónia.

RUFOUS-NAPED BRUSH-FINCH   (Atlapetes rufinucha).
2 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta, 16 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
 
RUSTY-BELLIED BRUSH-FINCH (Atlapetes nationi).
4 San Mateo.
 
RED-CAPPED CARDINAL (Paroaria gularis).
1 Atalaya, 1 Hacienda Amazónia, 2 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 4 Manu Wildlife Centre.

BANANAQUIT (Coereba flaveola).
5 Atalaya.

CHESTNUT-VENTED CONEBILL (Conirostrum speciosum).
1 Hacienda Amazónia.

CINEREOUS CONEBILL (Conirostrum cinereum).
1 Lomas de Lachay, 1 Sacsayhuaman, 1 Huacarpay Lake, 1 Abra Malaga Pass (Polylepis forest) and 3 Paucartambo -Manu boundary.

WHITE-BROWED CONEBILL (Conirostrum ferrugineiventre).
8 north of Abra Malaga Pass and 2 Paucartambo - Manu boundary.

BLUE-BACKED CONEBILL (Conirostrum sitticolor).
2 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta.

CAPPED CONEBILL   (Conirostrum albifrons).
5 Machu Picchu, 1 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta and 8 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

GIANT CONEBILL (Oreomanes fraseri).
4 Abra Malaga Pass (Polylepis forest).
Status: Near-threatened. 

MAGPIE TANAGER (Cissopis leveriana).
4 Atalaya, 1 Hacienda Amazónia and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

GRASS-GREEN TANAGER   (Chlorornis riefferii).
2 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta, 3 Pillihuarta and 2 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

COMMON BUSH-TANAGER (Chlorospingus ophthalmicus).
7 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 6 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
YELLOW-WHISKERED BUSH-TANAGER (Chlorospingus parvirostris).
9 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 5 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

YELLOW-THROATED BUSH-TANAGER (Chlorospingus flavigularis).
9 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 5 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 9 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

GREY-HOODED BUSH-TANAGER   (Cnemoscopus rubrirostris).
7 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

BLACK-CAPPED HEMISPINGUS   (Hemispingus atropileus).
3 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta.

PARODI'S HEMISPINGUS (Hemispingus parodii).
3 north of Abra Malaga Pass.

SUPERCILIARIED HEMISPINGUS (Hemispingus superciliaris).
4 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta, 3 Pillihuarta and 3 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

OLEAGINOUS HEMISPINGUS (Hemispingus frontalis).
1 Pillihuarta.

BLACK-EARED HEMISPINGUS   (Hemispingus melanotis).
2 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 6 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

THREE-STRIPED HEMISPINGUS   (Hemispingus trifasciatus).
1 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta and 4 Pillihuarta.
 
RUST-AND-YELLOW TANAGER (Thlypopsis ruficeps).
4 Machu Picchu, 1 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta and 22 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

YELLOW-BACKED TANAGER (Hemithraupis flavicollis).
2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

OLIVE TANAGER (Chlorothraupis carmioli).
1 Atalaya and 1 Hacienda Amazónia.

WHITE-WINGED SHRIKE-TANAGER (Lanio versicolor).
4 Hacienda Amazónia and 8 Manu Wildlife Centre.

SLATY TANAGER (Creurgops dentata).
1 Machu Picchu, 3 Pillihuarta, 3 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge  and 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

YELLOW-CRESTED TANAGER (Tachyphonus rufiventer).
3 Manu Wildlife Centre.

WHITE-SHOULDERED TANAGER   (Tachyphonus luctuosus).
1 Hacienda Amazónia and 6 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
WHITE-LINED TANAGER (Tachyphonus rufus).
2 Machu Picchu.

BLACK-GOGGLED TANAGER (Trichothraupis melanops).
1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata (UA).

RED-CROWNED ANT-TANAGER (Habia rubica).
8 Manu Wildlife Centre. 

WHITE-WINGED TANAGER   (Piranga leucoptera).
1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

MASKED CRIMSON TANAGER (Ramphocelus nigrogularis).
2 Hacienda Amazónia and 1 Manu Wildlife Centre - Boca Manu.

SILVER-BEAKED TANAGER (Ramphocelus carbo).
3 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 6 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 10 Atalaya and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

BLUE-GREY TANAGER (Thraupis episcopus).
2 Machu Picchu, 4 Atalaya, 2 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 4 Manu Wildlife Centre.

PALM TANAGER (Thraupis palmarum).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre.

BLUE-CAPPED TANAGER (Thraupis cyanocephala).
2 Machu Picchu, 3 Manu boundary and 8 Pillihuarta.

BLUE-AND-YELLOW TANAGER (Thraupis bonariensis).
3 Huacarpay Lake.

HOODED MOUNTAIN-TANAGER (Buthraupis montana).
7 Manu - Pillihuarta and 4 Pillihuarta.

SCARLET-BELLIED MOUNTAIN-TANAGER (Anisognathus igniventris).
8 north of Abra Malaga Pass and 4 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta.

YELLOW-THROATED TANAGER (Iridosornis analis).
8 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 4 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

GOLDEN-COLLARED TANAGER   (Iridosornis jelskii).
1 north of Abra Malaga Pass.

CHESTNUT-BELLIED MOUNTAIN-TANAGER (Delothraupis castaneoventris).
2 north of Abra Malaga Pass and 6 Pillihuarta.

FAWN-BREASTED TANAGER (Pipraeidea melanonota).
2 Machu Picchu and 2 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
 
THICK-BILLED EUPHONIA (Euphonia laniirostris).
1 Machu Picchu.
 
BRONZE-GREEN EUPHONIA (Euphonia mesochrysa).
4 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

WHITE-VENTED EUPHONIA (Euphonia minuta).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre.

ORANGE-BELLIED EUPHONIA (Euphonia xanthogaster).
1 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 2 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 9 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata and 2 Atalaya.

RUFOUS-BELLIED EUPHONIA (Euphonia rufiventris).
2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

BLUE-NAPED CHLOROPHONIA (Chlorophonia cyanea).
4 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 2 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata and 1 Hacienda Amazónia.

ORANGE-EARED TANAGER (Chlorochrysa calliparaea).
10 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 9 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 6 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

TURQUOISE TANAGER (Tangara mexicana).
5 Hacienda Amazónia and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.
PARADISE TANAGER   (Tangara chilensis).
6 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata, 1 Atalaya, 1 Hacienda Amazónia and 11 Manu Wildlife Centre.

GREEN-AND-GOLD TANAGER (Tangara schrankii).
11 Manu Wildlife Centre.

GOLDEN TANAGER   (Tangara arthus).
2 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 6 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

SAFFRON-CROWNED TANAGER (Tangara xanthocephala).
1 Machu Picchu, 8 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 6 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

GOLDEN-EARED TANAGER   (Tangara chrysotis).
2 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge (UA & JM).
 
SPOTTED TANAGER (Tangara punctata).
3 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 3 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

BAY-HEADED TANAGER   (Tangara gyrola).
2 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata, 1 Atalaya and 4 Hacienda Amazónia.

GOLDEN-NAPED TANAGER (Tangara ruficervix).
2 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 1 Cock-of-the Rock Lodge.

BLUE-BROWED TANAGER (Tangara cyanotis).
2 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata.

BLUE-NECKED TANAGER   (Tangara cyanicollis).
2 Machu Picchu, 1 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 7 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge, 5 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata, 4 Hacienda Amazónia and 4 Manu Wildlife Centre.

BERYL-SPANGLED TANAGER (Tangara nigroviridis).
1 Pillihuarta, 1 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge and 4 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

BLUE-AND-BLACK TANAGER  (Tangara vassorii).
2 Machu Picchu, 2 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta and 4 Pillihuarta.

OPAL-RUMPED TANAGER (Tangara velia).
3 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
OPAL-CROWNED TANAGER (Tangara callophrys).
4 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
BLACK-FACED DACNIS  (Dacnis lineata).
6 Atalaya and 1 Hacienda Amazónia.

YELLOW-BELLIED DACNIS (Dacnis flaviventer).
1% Hacienda Amazónia (UA).

BLUE DACNIS  (Dacnis cayana).
2 Atalaya and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

GREEN HONEYCREEPER (Chlorophanes spiza).
2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

PURPLE HONEYCREEPER (Cyanerpes caeruleus).
4 Atalaya and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

TIT-LIKE DACNIS (Xenodacnis parina).
5 north of Abra Malaga Pass.
Status: Near-threatened. 

PLUSH-CAP   (Catamblyrhynchus diadema).
1 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta (EM).

PERUVIAN SIERRA-FINCH   (Phrygilus punensis).
10 Lake Junin, 5 Junin - San Mateo, 4 Sacsayhuaman and 4 Abra Malaga Pass.

MOURNING SIERRA-FINCH ( Phrygilus fruticeti).
10 Lomas de Lachay, 1 Lake Junin, 5 San Mateo and 25 Huacarpay Lake.

PLUMBEOUS SIERRA-FINCH   (Phrygilus unicolor).
2 Milloc turnoff and 20 Abra Malaga Pass (Polylepis forest).

ASH-BREASTED SIERRA-FINCH (Phrygilus plebejus).
2 Marcapomacocha - Milloc turnoff, 25 Lake Junin, 5 San Mateo and 50 Huacarpay Lake.

BAND-TAILED SIERRA-FINCH   (Phrygilus alaudinus).
15 Lomas de Lachay.

WHITE-WINGED DIUCA-FINCH   (Diuca speculifera).
25 Milloc turnoff, 3 Milloc turnoff - Marcapomacocha and 1 Abra Malaga Pass (Polylepis forest).

SLENDER-BILLED FINCH   (Xenospingus concolor).
2 Paracas.

CHESTNUT-BREASTED MOUNTAIN-FINCH (Poospiza caesar).
1 Sacsayhuaman and 2 south of Abra Malaga Pass.

COLLARED WARBLING-FINCH   (Poospiza hispaniolensis).
1 Playa Hermosa.

BRIGHT-RUMPED YELLOW-FINCH (Sicalis uropygialis).
120 Milloc turnoff, common (> 100) Milloc turnoff - Marcapomacocha, 50 Lake Junin, 100 Junin - San Mateo and 6 San Mateo.
 
GREENISH YELLOW-FINCH (Sicalis olivascens).
90 Huacarpay Lakes and 10 south of Abra Malaga Pass.
 
RAIMONDI'S YELLOW-FINCH (Sicalis raimondii).
25 Lomas de Lachay.
 
BLUE-BLACK GRASSQUIT (Volatinia jacarina).
10 Lomas de Lachay, 2 Pantanos de Villa and 20 Playa Hermosa.

BLACK-AND-WHITE SEEDEATER (Sporophila luctuosa).
5 Atalaya and 4 Hacienda Amazónia.
 
PARROT-BILLED SEEDEATER   (Sporophila peruviana).
15 Playa Hermosa.

DRAB SEEDEATER (Sporophila simplex).
4 Lomas de Lachay and 10 Playa Hermosa.
 
CHESTNUT-THROATED SEEDEATER (Sporophila telasco).
1 Lomas de Lachay and 8 Playa Hermosa.
 
BAND-TAILED SEEDEATER (Catamenia analis).
5 San Mateo and 10 Huacarpay Lake.

PLAIN-COLORED SEEDEATER (Catamenia inornata).
3 north of Abra Malaga Pass.

DULL-COLORED GRASSQUIT   (Tiaris obscura).
2 Playa Hermosa.
 
MOUSTACHED FLOWER-PIERCER (Diglossa mystacalis).
2 north of Abra Malaga Pass and 1 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta.

BLACK-THROATED FLOWER-PIERCER (Diglossa brunneiventris).
2 Sacsayhuaman, 6 north of Abra Malaga Pass, 3 Abra Malaga Pass (Polylepis forest) and 5 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta.

DEEP-BLUE FLOWER-PIERCER (Diglossopis glauca).
2 north of Abra Malaga Pass and 1 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

BLUISH FLOWER-PIERCER ( Diglossopis caerulescens).
1 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta and 2 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

MASKED FLOWER-PIERCER (Diglossopis cyanea).
2 north of Abra Malaga Pass, 1 Manu boundary - Pillihuarta and 5 Pillihuarta.

GOLDEN-BELLIED GROSBEAK (Pheucticus chrysogaster).
2 south of Abra Malaga Pass and 1 Paucartambo - Manu boundary.
 
BUFF-THROATED SALTATOR   (Saltator maximus).
1 Atalaya and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

GOLDEN-BILLED SALTATOR (Saltator aurantiirostris).
2 Sacsayhuaman, 2 south of Abra Malaga Pass, 1 Ollantaytambo and 1 Paucartambo - Manu boundary.

STREAKED SALTATOR (Saltator albicollis).
3 Playa Hermosa.
 
BLUE-BLACK GROSBEAK (Cyanocompsa cyanoides).
1 heard Hacienda Amazónia.

CASQUED OROPENDOLA (Psarocolius oseryi).
5 Manu Wildlife Centre.

CRESTED OROPENDOLA   (Psarocolius decumanus).
15 Atalaya and 3 Hacienda Amazónia.

DUSKY-GREEN OROPENDOLA (Psarocolius atrovirens).
2 Machu Picchu and 6 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.

RUSSET-BACKED OROPENDOLA (Psarocolius angustifrons).
40 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge - Pilcopata, 50 Atalaya, 20 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 50 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
AMAZONIAN OROPENDOLA (Gymnostinops bifasciatus).
2 Hacienda Amazónia, 2 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 2 Manu Wildlife Centre.
Note: Also called Olive Oropendola.

YELLOW-RUMPED CACIQUE (Cacicus cela).
35 Atalaya, 10 Hacienda Amazónia, 10 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 40 Manu Wildlife Centre.
 
MOUNTAIN CACIQUE   (Cacicus leucorhampus).
4 Pillihuarta.

SOLITARY CACIQUE   (Cacicus solitarius).
2 Atalaya.

YELLOW-BILLED CACIQUE   (Amblycercus holosericeus).
1 heard Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge.
 
TROUPIAL   (Icterus icterus).
1 Hacienda Amazónia.

YELLOW-WINGED BLACKBIRD (Agelaius thilius).
18 Huacarpay Lake.

PERUVIAN MEADOWLARK (Sturnella bellicosa).
10 Lomas de Lachay, 10 Pantanos de Villa and 5 Playa Hermosa.
 
SHINY COWBIRD (Molothrus bonariensis).
10 Lima - Lomas de Lachay, 5 Lima, 6 Pantanos de Villa and 6 Playa Hermosa.
 
GIANT COWBIRD (Scaphidura oryzivora).
33 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 25 Manu Wildlife Centre.

LIST OF MAMMALS & REPTILES.

BOLIVIAN SQUIRREL (Sciurus ignitus).
1 Pillihuarta - Cock-of-the Rock Lodge.

SOUTHERN AMAZON  RED SQUIRREL (Sciurus spadiceus).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre.

COMMON WOLLY MONKEY (Lagothrix lagothricha).
3-4 Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge (OL).

DUSKY TITI MONKEY (Callicebus moloch).
3 seen and 2 flocks heard Hacienda Amazónia.

COMMON SQUIRREL MONKEY (Saimiri sciureus).
12 Hacienda Amazónia and 10 Manu Wildlife Centre..

NIGHT MONKEY (Aotus spp.).
1 heard Hacienda Amazónia and 1 heard Manu Wildlife Centre.

SADDLE-BACKED TAMARIN (Saguinus fuscicollis).
5 Hacienda Amazónia and 7 Manu Wildlife Centre.

RED HOWLER MONKEY (Alouatta seniculus).
3 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre and 16 Manu Wildlife Centre.

BROWN CAPUCHIN (Cebus apella).
5 Manu Wildlife Centre.

MUNK SAKI MONKEY (Pithecia monachus).
2 Manu Wildlife Centre (FQM & IMM).

BLACK SPIDER MONKEY (Ateles paniscus).
8 Manu Wildlife Centre (IMM).

OCELOT (Felis pardalis).
1 Manu Wildlife Centre (JM).

JAGUARUNDI (Felis yagouaroundi).
1 dark morph Cock of the Rock Lodge.

RED BROCKET DEER (Mazama americana).
2 Hacienda Amazónia.

VICÙNJA
27 Junin - San Mateo.

GIANT OTTER (Pteronura brasiliensis).
2 river near lodge, 3 Canunga trail and 2 Cocha Blanca (all Manu Wildlife Centre).

SOUTHERN RIVER OTTER (Lutra longicaudis)
1 Ollantaytambo and 2 Hacienda Amazónia.

BROWN AGUATI (Dasyprocta variegata).
2 Hacienda Amazónia.

COLLARED PECCARY (Tayassu tajacu).
2 Manu Wildlife Centre.
CAPYBARA (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris).
2 Manu Wildlife Centre.

WOOLY MOUSE OPOSSUM (Micoureus cinereus).
1 probably this species Hacienda Amazónia (FQM & JM).

SOUTHERN SEA LION
600 Paracas.

COMMON DOLPHIN.
5 Paracas.

WHITE (SPECTACLED) CAYMAN
1 Hacienda Amazónia - Manu Wildlife Centre.

BLACK CAIMAN
1 Manu Wildlife Centre.

FER DE LANCE
1 Machu Picchu.