BIRDWATCHING  IN

Bolivia & Chile

 AUG.  1999.

ERIK MØLGAARD, JESPER MEEDOM
&
ULRIK ANDERSEN

DANISH  ORNITHOLOGICAL  SOCIETY
BIRDLIFE - DENMARK

Frontpage: Drawing by Jon Fjeldså©			

					
Publisher:

Danish Ornithological Society's Excursion Committee©
Vesterbrogade 140A
1620 Copenhagen
Denmark

Copies of this report can be purchased from :

Danish Ornithological Society's Bookshop
Vesterbrogade 140A
1620 Copenhagen
Denmark

Telephone	+45 33 31 85 63
Fax		+45 33 31 24 35

ISBN  87-90153-24-3

INTRODUCTION.

In August 1999, the excursions committee of the Copenhagen chapter of the Danish Ornithological Society (DOF) carried out its first tour to Bolivia.

The tour was designed to give the participants a good coverage of the most typical habitats and of the biodiversity of the country. 

The time of the year was selected to minimize the amount of rain and here we actually succeeded too well - we didn’t have any rain on the entire tour and the very dry conditions kept the bird song at a minimum and was probably part of the reason we missed quite a few of the species normally associated with Bolivia.

The participants were: Ulrik Andersen (UA), Jesper Meedom (JM), Sten Pedersen (SP), Tim Andersen (TA), Steen Skaarup (SS), Carl-Axel Henrichsen (C-AH), John Hansen (JH) and Marianne Krogh (MK).

The tour fee was DKK 32,000 which included all transportation, meals, tips, local guide and tour leader as well as usual DOF services (meetings, information etc).

The Bolivian currency is called Boliviano and the exchange rate at the time of our visit was 5.80 for one US dollar.

The trip was arranged by Gunnar Engblom’s company “Kolibri Expeditions”. It was very much a mixed experience. While Gunnar was a pleasant and well-meaning person, his organizational talents were not exactly impressive, causing frequent annoyances. Even worse, the very old minibus he had driven in from Peru for the trip was clearly unacceptable. It often took all the efforts of both the driver and his helper to keep the vehicle going - and both of them were skilled mechanics! Even with their efforts, we wasted quite some time on punctures and mechanical problems - without their efforts, there is no way the vehicle would have made it all the way to La Paz. After the first five days of the trip, Gunnar was joined by the young British birder Simon Allen as a guide. This improved the quality of the guiding significantly - despite his young age and limited guide experience, Simon was a big plus with his excellent bird finding skills and good knowledge of most of the birding areas. Also, he was a very pleasant companion. We can fully recommend Simon as a birding guide. 

The report contains the following:

1. Summary of the journey

2. A brief introduction to the localities visited

3. A personal diary

4. List of birds

5. List of mammals and reptiles.

Species observed only by one or two participants are marked in the bird and mammal lists with the initials of the observers in brackets.
I wish to thank Marianne Krogh, Ulrik Andersen and Jesper Meedom for their assistance in writing this report.

Finally, it should be emphasized that the whole trip was characterised by good companionship and not least a well developed sense of humour during the many unforeseen incidents. It is very much thanks to the group that I will look back upon the trip with pleasure.

Erik Mølgaard
Lyngborghave 6 1tv,
3460 Birkerød
Denmark

E-mail: moel@post4.tele.dk  and travel@dof.dk

SUMMARY OF THE JOURNEY

06-08-99	         -19.10	Copenhagen.
		20.50-22.20	London (Heathrow Airport).

07-08-99	05.20-10.20	Sao Paulo Airport.
12.15-12.55	Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz).
		14.10-18.15	Okinawa.
		19.00-		Santa Cruz

08.08.99	         -06.05	Santa Cruz.
		06.45-14.45	Lomas de Arena
		15.45-18.15	Camiri road
19.00-		Santa Cruz.	

09.08.99	06.30-08.30	Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz).
		10.30-11.15	Trinidad
		11.30-18.10	Laguna Suarez road.
18.30-		Trinidad.		

10.08.99	         -06.45	Trinidad
		14.45-		Hacienda Cutal.

11.08.99	         -12.30	Hacienda Cutal.
		17.00-17.45	Trinidad.

12.08.99	         -05.35	Santa Cruz.
		08.45-10.30	Jardin Botánico Santa Cruz.
		15.00-		Los Vulcanes.

13.08.99	         -14.45	Los Vulcanes.
		15.10-15.25	Laguna Vulcan.
		17.30-		Samaipata.

14.08.99	         -16.00	Samaipata.
		19.30-		El Tambo.

15.08.99	         -13.00	El Tambo.
		14.00-18.00	Rio Mizque Valley.
		19.00-		El Tambo.	

16.08.99	         -04.40	El Tambo. 
		06.00-11.50	Siberia.
				Comarapa.
		14.45-16.15	Tunal.
		17.50-		El Tambo.

17.08.99	         -05.00	El Tambo.
		06.50-09.20	El Chunal.
		13.55-16.55	Puente Mendoza.
		19.00-		Cochabamba.

18.08.99	         -05.05	Cochabamba.
		06.50-11.20	Tablas Montes.
		14.00-15.20	P.N. Carrasco Intrance.
		15.40		Villa Tunari.

19.08.99	         -05.45	Villa Tunari.
		06.30-12.15	P.N. Carrasco.
		13.00-15.05	Villa Tunari.
		15.15-17.45	Machis Reserve.		
17.55-		Villa Tunari.

20.08.99	         -04.40	Villa Tunari.
		06.30-15.30	Chapare road around Miguelito.
		15.40-16.30	Near Tables Montes 
		16.35-17.30	Tables Montes.
		17.45-18.40	The Pass above Tables Montes.
		20.00-		Cochabamba.

21.08.99	         -05.00	Cochabamba.	
		06.40-13.10	Quillacolla road.
		14.00-15.15	Cochabamba.
		20.15-		Oruro.

22.08.99	         -07.30	Oruro.
		08.00-10.00	Lake Uru-uru.
		12.00-13.15	Patacamaya.
		16.30-18.45	Lauca N.P.
		19.00-		Putre.

23.08.99	         -07.05	Putre.
		07.30-17.45	Lauca N.P.
		18.15-		Putre.	

24.08.99	         -09.45	Putre.
		10.00-12.30	Lauca N.P.
		12.10-13.25	Stop with the border to Bolivia.
		18.35-		La Paz.

25.08.99	         -04.00	La Paz.
		07.30-09.30	Sorata Valley.
		11.15-13.30	Lake Titicaca near Shanckajawira.
		15.00-		La Paz.

26.08.99	         -05.45	La Paz.
		07.00-10.20	Cotapata.
		10.35-18.00	Coroico road
		20.00-		El Castillo.

27.08.99	         -10.20	El Castillo.
		11.30-12.00 	Pongo.
		12.30-14.15	Cotapata.
		14.30-16.45	Coroico road.
		17.45-18.10 	La Cumbre.
		19.15-		La Paz.

28.08.99	         -06.00	La Paz.	
		07.15-10.15	La Cumbre
		11.45-14.40	La Paz Airport
		19.30-22.20	Sao Paulo

29.08.99	13.05-15.30	London
		16.50-		Copenhagen.

DESCRIPTION  OF  LOCALITIES

EASTERN SANTA CRUZ DEPARTMENT
Santa Cruz, the commercial centre of Bolivia, is a bustling city in the eastern lowlands of the country. The city and its associated economic and agricultural activities are expanding rapidly, increasing the pressure on nature and birds in its surroundings. Large birds like rheas and seriemas are getting hard to find and if one’s itinerary includes the savanna lowland around Trinidad, birding around Santa Cruz does not add much to the list. Never the less, it can be convenient to start with a couple of days of easy birding around Santa Cruz after the (very) long flight from northern Europe. All localities mentioned below are in the tropical zone at altitudes around 200 m.

Okinawa (17E10' S - 62E55' W)
Okinawa is a farming district northeast of Santa Cruz, founded by Japanese immigrants. The habitat does not look very exciting, but scattered brush and wet areas do attract quite a few birds making it worthwhile to spend half a day here. The area is reached by heading east from the city of Montero, 37 km north of Santa Cruz. In addition to White-banded Mockingbird, we saw good numbers of seedeaters here, mostly Tawny-bellied, but including a few Dark-throated and several individuals of the rare Gray-and-chestnut Seedeater. To get to the area, you go north on the main road from Santa Cruz (past the airport) to Montero, just north of which you turn east towards Okinawa and soon enter the agricultural district.

Lomas de Arena (17E50' S - 63E06' W)
Lomas de Arena lie some 7 km southeast of Santa Cruz. Leaving the city towards Cabezas, the reserve is signposted to the left. This nature reserve protects some spectacular sand dunes - used by the locals for noisy and destructive off-road driving - and the surrounding chaco and grassland. The latter habitats hold a good  selection of chaco birds, most of which can be seen by walking along the entrance road (both before and after the entrance). We saw Red-winged and Small-billed Tinamous, White-bellied Nothura, Chaco Chachalaca, Rufous-thighed Hawk, Aplomado Falcon, White Woodpecker and Narrow-billed Woodcreeper.

Camiri road (18E S - 63E15' W)
The road to Camiri goes south from the old Santa Cruz - Cochabamba road a few km southwest of Santa Cruz. It does not carry a lot of traffic and passes through some nice chaco woodland and open areas. Red-legged Seriema is still found here although we did not have the luck. We did see good numbers of Peach-fronted and Blue-crowned Parakeets, though, but not much else.

Jardin botánico Santa Cruz (17E48' S - 63E15' W)
The botanical gardens of Santa Cruz has some nice chaco habitat (keep to the left when entering the gardens) with common chaco birds and a few goodies such as Striped Antbird (which we did not see).

Santa Cruz Viru-viru Airport (17E50' S - 63E15' W)
This is the busiest airport of the country. To the right (when going in) of the airport entrance road is a small woodlot surrounded by open grassland. The woodlot holds quite a few common woodland birds. After returning home, we found out that apparently the best grassland is reached by turning left towards the flight control tower at the end of the entrance road, so this is probably where one should look for Greater Rhea and Red-legged Seriema, both of which have often been seen in the area.

BENI DEPARTMENT
Trinidad is the capital of the department of Beni. It is a rather unpleasant and dirty town, but right around it some of the most spectacular birding in Bolivia can be experienced. Our three days here were definitely a trip highlight not to be missed. The areas we birded are all in the tropical savanna zone at an altitude of about 200 m.

Laguna Suarez road (14E50' S - 64E55' W)
The road from Trinidad towards Laguna Suarez goes through wet savanna abounding with birds. Large birds are prevalent and we had excellent looks at many species including Southern Screamer, Jabiru and several ibises, storks and raptors. Passerines are quite numerous too, a.o. Hudson’s Black-Tyrant and Mato Grosso Antbird. However, all species found here can be seen along the road to Haciendas Cutal and Esperanza so despite the great birding it is probably better to concentrate the efforts along that road.

Cutal/Esperanza road (14E55'S-64E58' W  -  14E55'S - 64E40' W)  
This is the road going north from Trinidad towards San Ramon. This is another road through areas of wet savanna interspersed with woodland, but it is even better for birds. We did not have the time to do the superb habitats justice - on the first day we lost the early morning due to Gunnar’s oversleeping, and when returning the next day we had to rush through because we were late and the minibus behaved even worse than usually. In addition to the species found along the Laguna Suarez road, we saw Greater Rhea, Orinocco Goose, Red-and-green and Golden-collared Macaws, Toco Toucan and the spectacular Scarlet-headed Blackbird. The latter is quite local, but can be found in the vast marsh on the western side of the road, opposite a large lagoon fringed by tall trees. Otherwise, just keep your eyes peeled because anywhere along this road can be good for birds, e.g. the American tour operator Fieldguides has had good luck with the rare Crowned Eagle lately and Sulphur-bellied Tyrant-Manakin can be found in the woodland.

Hacienda Cutal (14E55' S - 64E40' W)
This is the only easily accessible locality for the critically endangered Blue-throated Macaw. To visit this and the neighbouring hacienda (La Esperanza) - and improve your chances of seeing the elusive macaw - you need to get in touch with Lilyam Gonzalez who runs a travel agency in Trinidad (Tarais Travel, Av. 6 de Agosto N 138. Cas 261, phone: 20692 or 20946, e-mail: paraiso@sauce.ben.entelnet.bo) and can guide you around the ranches. Even though the macaw is the main attraction, many other exciting birds are found on the haciendas which - in addition to the palm “islands” favoured by Blue-throated Macaw - have the same savanna and woodland habitats as found along the two roads described above. In addition to many of the species mentioned for those, we saw a.o. Blue-and-yellow Macaw, Great Horned Owl, Scissor-tailed, Little and Spot-tailed Nightjars, Pale-crested Woodpecker and Great Rufous Woodcreeper. The potential is enormous - unfortunately we did not have enough time to fully explore it, mainly because the main attraction took considerably longer to find than we had anticipated. A birding trip should definitely include two nights here (we only had one).

WESTERN SANTA CRUZ DEPARTMENT
In the western part of the province of Santa Cruz, the Andean foothills rise from the eastern lowlands. We visited two areas in this foothill zone in addition to the Tambo/Comarapa area further west .

Los Vulcanes (18E07'S  63E37' W), dry/humid upper tropical, 900-1100 m
The birding area is a hacienda owned by a German immigrant living in Santa Cruz, Hans Rieger, Monte Verde, Refugio los Vulcanes, phone 03-44 36 37 E-mail: rba@infonet.com.pe  To get there, take the signposted turnoff to the right some 100 km southwest of Santa Cruz along the old Cochabamba road. After a short, but steep climb, a beautiful view of a valley surrounded by forested slopes and high peaks opens to the left. The whole valley belongs to the hacienda, which can be seen at the bottom of the valley. A very narrow steep and winding track through the forest - definitely requiring 4-wheel drive - takes you to the hacienda. You need to make reservations with Hans before going. The hacienda has 6 double guest rooms with private bath. The rooms are nice and tidy, the food is good, the birding is fine - in short, this was the most pleasant and peaceful place we stayed on the entire trip. The birding gets even better with the onset of the rains in October - at this time, you should definitely stay for at least two nights. The birdlife is an interesting mixture of dry and humid forest species and even though the rare and little known Bolivian Recurvebill and Ashy Antwren have only been recorded once each, you are unlikely to be disappointed with the birding here. Upon arrival at the view point, ie even before descending the access track, we saw a pair of Military Macaw and a gorgeous Andean Condor. Later, we recorded Rufous-breasted Wood-Quail, Black-banded Owl, Slaty Gnateater, Blue-browed Tanager, Gray-throated Leaftosser, Black-capped Antwren and several other goodies.

Samaipata, dry subtropical, 1650 m. (18E09' S - 63E51' W)
Samaipata is a village on the old Cochabamba road, 130 km from Santa Cruz. After the opening of the new road from Santa Cruz to Cochabamba, Samaipata has lost its commercial importance and now serves mainly as a retreat for wealthy people escaping the summer heat of Santa Cruz. When entering the village, a pipeline is easily visible across the valley on the north side of the road. A rough track parallels the pipeline and provides easy access to good shrub and decidous forest. The birding is excellent here, featuring species such as Giant Antshrike, Ochre-cheeked Spinetail, Olive-crowned Crescentchest, Large-tailed Dove, Scaly-headed Parrot and large numbers of Blue-fronted Parrot and Mitred Parakeet. There is a significant overlap of species with Los Vulcanes.

Tambo, arid subtropical, 1700 m (18E S - 64E30' W) This is the site of an American-run mission school some 15 km east of Comarapa on the old road from Santa Cruz to Cochabamba. It is possible to stay in the mission school with prior arrangements - it is a rather basic, but clean and friendly place. Tambo is situated in an arid valley where large cacti are prevalent. Quite a few Bolivian specialities can be found here fairly easily by birding the low hills across the main road from the school as well as the fields and scrubs behind the school. We saw a.o. Bolivian Earthcreeper, Cream-backed Woodpecker, White-bellied Hummingbird, White-tipped Plantcutter, Greater Wagtail-tyrant, Grey-crested Finch, Stripe-crowned Spinetail and Black-and-chestnut, Ringed and Black-capped Warbling-Finches.

Rio Mizque near Saipina (18E09' S, 64E32' W), arid subtropical, 1300 m
Via a maze of rough tracks - including several river crossings - a beautiful stretch of the Rio Mizque can be reached southeast of Saipina. Until shortly before the trip, Red-fronted Macaws were regularly seen here, but they seemed to have gone (trapped?) and we did not see any despite spending four hours in the area. Even without the macaws we found the birding quite good: 5 condors, King Vulture, Monk Parakeet, Spot-backed Puffbird, Bicolored Hawk and Dusky-legged Guan were among the birds recorded in this peaceful spot.

El Tunal (17E54' S 64E28' W), arid subtropical, 1700 m
El Tunal is a small village which can be reached by a good gravel road from Comarapa. Local people advised us to look for Red-fronted Macaw here and following their advise was a resounding success - we had excellent views of many macaws (28 in total). On the way back, great views were had of the stunning Red-tailed Comet which is fairly common along the higher parts of the road.

COCHABAMBA DEPARTMENT
Serrania Siberia, humid temperate, 2400-2900 m (17E45' S - 64E49' W)
This mountain range has the southernmost cloud forest in South America, quite disturbed along the road, but probably pristine away from it. Species diversity is much lower than in e.g. Peru, but in the wet season (October to March) birding can be very good indeed. We found it to be rather dull in August and only spent half a day here. The highlights were Violet-throated Starfrontlet, Rufous-faced Antpitta, Black-throated Thistletail, Light-crowned Spinetail (rufous-crowned form) and Pale-footed Swallow.

El Chunal (17E49'S 64E45' W), arid temperate, 3100 m
Above the Siberia cloud forest, dry scrubs and fields prevail. The scrubs are good for a number of restricted-range species. A narrow foot path leads up a small ravine to the right (travelling west) at about 3100 m. Here we saw a.o. Fulvous-headed Brush-Finch,  Rusty-browed Warbling-Finch, Grey-bellied Flower-piercer and Rufous-bellied Saltator. This was just before the tiny village of El Chunal. Slightly further west (after El Chunal), Black-hooded Sunbeams were seen at the road edge. 

Puente Lope Mendoza, arid temperate, 3100 m. (17E28' S - 65E30' W)
Puente Lope Mendoza is a tiny village on the main road some 156 km west of Comarapa. A track goes southwest just before the river into an agricultural valley surrounded by rocky slopes. The main attraction here is the localized Citron-headed Yellow-Finch which we missed. Among the birds we did see were Cochabamba Mountain-Finch, Red-tailed Comet, Andean Hillstar, Rock Earthcreeper, D’Orbigny’s Chat-Tyrant, Fulvous-headed Brush-Finch and Rufous-bellied Saltator.

Chapare road, humid tropical to temperate, 500-3500 m
The road from Cochabamba to Villa Tunari (17E S - 65E25' W)  is reputed to be one of the best birding roads in all of South America. This is due to the large extent of good forest remaining on the steep Andean slopes. Lots of uncommon species are possible here, a.o. Hooded Tinamou, Hooded Mountain-Toucan, Yungas Tody-Tyrant, Hazel-fronted Pygmy-Tyrant and Straw-backed Tanager, all of which we missed. Despite these misses we enjoyed the best cloud forest forest birding of the trip here.
We concentrated our efforts in the following areas:
The pass above the cloud forest at 3500 m is excellent for Swallow-tailed Nightjar.
At the village of Corani, a track takes of to the northwest towards the settlement of Tablas Montes (17E10' S - 65E25' W).  The forest along this track is highly disturbed, but nevertheless excellent for birds, and since you get away from the traffic this must be considered the best birding spot along the Chapare road. The altitude is app. 3000 m. We recorded the following species along this track: Stripe-faced Wood-Quail, Black-winged Parrot, Violet-throated Starfrontlet, Scaled Metaltail, Rufous-faced Antpitta, Chestnut-crested Cotinga, Band-tailed Fruiteater, Bolivian Tyrannulet and White-eared Solitaire.
In the subtropical zone, many birds can be seen in the vicinity of the village of Miguelito ( 17E04' S - 65E40' W), lying at some 1800 m. Just north of the village, a track going west offers another opportunity to get away from the traffic. Our best bird in the Miguelito area was undoubtedly the Semicollared Hawk we saw well, perched at close quarters. This was a possible first record for Bolivia. Other birds seen in the general area included Black-and-chestnut Eagle, White-throated Antpitta, Blue-banded Toucanet, Strong-billed Woodcreeper, Ochre-faced Tody-Flycatcher and Crested Quetzal.
Around Villa Tunari, a number of common tropical birds can be seen, especially in the tiny Parque Ecoturistico Machia.

Parque Nacional Carrasco, humid tropical, 500-800 m (17E02' S - 65E27' W)
A few km before Villa Tunari, a road to the east provides access to this large national park. Near the park office is what used to be one of the easiest accessible oilbird caves in the world, but unfortunately this is not the case anymore because the cable used to take people across the river is broken - with no immediate plans for repair. However, if you follow the road past the turnoff to the park office you will enter the national park via a narrow gravel road which used to continue all the way to the temperate zone. Several recent landslides mean that you can only drive to an altitude of 6-700 m which is what we did. We then birded on foot along the road from there. This is a wonderful peaceful place. Probably due to the hot and dry weather, it was fairly quiet when we were there, but we did see some nice birds anyway: Andean Cock-of-the-rock, Amazonian Umbrellabird, Upland Antshrike, Cuvier’s Toucan, Rough-legged Tyrannulet and Olive Tanager were perhaps the most noteworthy.

Quillacollo road, arid temperate, 3-4,000 m. (17E15' S - 66E20' W)
The road going northwest from Quillacollo (10 km west of Cochabamba) rises rather steeply through agricultural areas with extensive scrubs and passes a few groves of polylepis woodland before reaching puna grassland below spectacular rock-covered slopes. The whole stretch is excellent for birds.
The scrubs along the lower part of the road are excellent for passerines such as Bolivian Warbling-Finch, Cochabamba Mountain-Finch, Gray-bellied Flowerpiercer and Bolivian Blackbird. Red-tailed Comet is also fairly common. 
A little higher, the endemic Wedge-tailed Hillstar and Iquico Canastero can be found in the scrubs among the fields.
A nice polylepis grove on the left side of the road at about 3500 m is good for polylepis specialists such as Giant Conebill and Tawny Tit-Spinetail. Rufous-bellied Saltator can also be seen here (as well as in the previous two zones), and we saw a group of 21 condors take off from their roost site on the cliffs above.
The boulder-covered puna grassland at about 4000 m is supposedly good for Short-tailed Finch, but we did not have the time to look properly for it, because we had to return to Cochabamba to pick up Gunnar who had bought spare parts for the vehicle while we were birding.

ORURO DEPARTMENT

Lake Uru-Uru, arid temperate, 3700 m. (18E02' S - 67E08' W)
Lake Uru-Uru lies just outside the unattractive city of Oruru in central Bolivia. It is famous for large numbers of flamingos and other waterbirds, but a couple of weeks before the trip, Gunnar had reported the lake to have dried up and not a single flamingo to be present. Because of this, Oruro was mainly a stop-over on our way from Cochabamba to Lauca (in Chile).
Large was our surprise when we discovered in the morning that there was a little water in the lake after all - and quite a few birds, including James’ (Puna) and Andean Flamingos, but surprisingly no Chilean (we suspect the water level was too low for them). There were also a fair number of typical Andean waders, such as Least Seedsnipe, Andean Avocet and Puna Plover. Bright-rumped and Puna Yellow-Finches were seen nearby, but we dipped on Brown-backed Mockingbird.

LA PAZ DEPARTMENT

Sorata valley, arid temperate, app. 3500 m. (15E48' S - 68E40' W)
We visited this valley briefly to see the endemic Berlepsch’s Canastero which is fairly common here and seemingly well adapted to agricultural areas, nesting in eucalyptus trees and foraging in scrubs. We saw the bird by the road well short of Sorata village and turned around. Later we heard that the endemic Bolivian Spinetail occurs at Sorata (although we do not have any detailed directions).

Lago Titicaca, 3800 m. (16E13' S - 68E40' W)
On the way back to La Paz from Sorata we visited the shore of Lago Titicaca near the village of Shanckajawira. The highlight was several Short-winged Grebes, although we also saw a variety of typical high Andean waterbirds while the reedbeds as expected were home to Many-colored Rush-Tyrant, Wren-like Rushbird and Yellow-winged Blackbird.

La Paz - Coroico road, arid (at the top) to humid subtropical, 5000 to 2000 m
This was once called “the most dangerous road in the world”, but nowadays the stretch from Chuspipata to Coroico is a one-way road (going down in the morning to early afternoon and up in the late afternoon and evening) and it is not any worse than lots of other mountain roads in the tropics.
The highest part of the road, in the El Cumbre area, goes through extensive, but badly overgrazed puna grassland below boulder-strewn slopes. The best birds in this zone are Rufous-bellied Seedsnipe (along side track up to the west in El Cumbre pass itself) and Short-tailed Finch (lots of excellent looking habitat, but we dipped despite extensive searching). Olivaceous Thornbill, Giant Hummingbird and Andean Hillstar are the common hummers.
The road is mostly famed for the extensive temperate cloud forest and subtropical forest that remains. Birding is said to be fantastic, but we have to say that this was by far the most disappointing birding area of the entire trip. We saw very little and found the extensive traffic to be highly annoying, both because of the noise and the inevitable dust clouds.
At Cotapata (16E17' S - 67E53' W), some 6 km before the one-way stretch starts at Chuspipata, a trail goes west into temperate forest (3000 m) with some bamboo. The main advantage of this trail is that you get away from the traffic. Best birds seen here were Diademed Tapaculo, Black-throated Thistletail, Plushcap, Ochraceous-breasted Flycatcher, Light-crowned Spinetail (light-crowned race) and Andean (Yungas) Pygmy-Owl. Steen heard a Hooded Mountain-Toucan from far below, highly annoying since this was one of our most wanted birds!
The first few kilometers of the one-way road below Chuspipata is supposed to be excellent for mixed-species flocks, but we found it incredibly dull although a lucky few did get to see a few Orange-browed Hemispingus and Golden-collared Tanager.
We also tried going slowly down the road to about 2000 m, stopping and walking along the road at intervals. This was very dull, too, although a superb displaying Solitary Eagle pair was a nice bonus. Apart from the eagles, the most noteworthy species seen were Blue-banded Toucanet, Buff-banded Tyrannulet and Lesser Elaenia.

CHILE

Parque Nacional Lauca (18E13' S - 69E12' W), across the border in northeastern Chile, was included in the itinerary because Gunnar had reported Lago Uru-Uru to be completely dry and therefore devoid of flamingos. As mentioned above, flamingos were present there after all, but we decided to stick to the plan to visit Lauca anyway - and we did not regret.
Lauca is a very beautiful area - much more spectacular than any area we saw in Bolivia - with snow-capped peaks towering above bogs, lakes and puna grasslands. Here the grasslands are not overgrazed, and vicunas are abundant.
The stellar ornithological attraction is the charismatic Diademed Sandpiper-Plover which occurs in several places inside the park. We looked for it in vain on the bog by the small village of Paricanota, but saw a pair on the roadside bog 22 km down the road towards Putre from the Paricanota turnoff.
In the past, White-tailed Shrike-Tyrant had a stronghold in Lauca, but it has not been reported for some years now. Red-backed Sierra-Finch occurs although we only saw its cousin, White-throated Sierra-Finch.
Incredible numbers of Giant Coot can be seen in Lauca - we counted 800 !
We spent quite some time scanning for Puna (Lesser) Rhea, but ironically we did not see any until we were back in the overgrazed puna across the border in Bolivia. Apparently, the Lauca birds withdraw to the canyons this time of the year.
We stayed in the basic Hosteria Las Vicunas in the village of Putre (18E15' S - 69E27' W), situated below (west of) the park at 3700 m. The scrubs and grassy slopes around Putre are quite good for birds and we spent a morning birding here, recording a.o. White-throated Earthcreeper, Straight-billed Earthcreeper, Streaked Tit-Spinetail, Dark-winged Canastero and Yellow-rumped Siskin.

					

A PERSONAL DIARY by Jesper Meedom

August 7th
We flew to Bolivia with Varig taking a direct overnight flight via London to Saõ Paulo and changing flight for Santa Cruz where we landed about noon. We had left Denmark in a summer heat wave and here in the tropics the weather was chilly and windy due to  a “friaje” cold front from the steppes of Patagonia bringing bad weather to Bolivia usually for three days at a time. We were received by Gunnar, our “local” guide, who together with the driver Juvenal day and night had driven his car down from Peru where his agency, Colibri Travels, is based. Gunnar whose bid for our ambitious tour seemed  much below market price wasn’t exactly the typical organiser. He underestimated time and distance and forgot tapes or spotlights when we needed  them. He would waste time trying to change dollars at roadside stalls having missed the opportunity at large hotels earlier in the day. Ring in the ear, holes in the trousers, he would ask at a roadside stall to borrow their guitar to play and sing for us a composition of his own. Gunnar had a surprising knack of handling Bolivian bureaucrats stopping us at the ubiquitous road-blocks. For historical reasons Peruvians are not very popular in Bolivia, and a Peruvian car is an evident target for scrutiny at police checks. Gunnar managed to negotiate us through all this without searches, but maybe sometimes with some kind of payment. The minibus had just room for all of us, and we had the baggage tied on the roof. With our ordinary two-wheel drive we were to go places where I didn’t figure such cars would go. Actually, the vehicle was quite comfortable despite the limited room and at least it had a good motor. But many other parts had their breakdowns for which reason the more critical tour participants dubbed it the “wreck”. Indeed the daily repair became a topic for recurrent remarks and it is something that will stay in our memory of the tour. 

We headed out of town through dusty and windswept suburbs with boring concrete houses and plastic bags spiked on all the fences of Okinawa, a settlement founded by Japanese immigrants, though today the place didn’t look much Japanese to us. The area was extensive farmland in flat savannah with low dry forest, grazed fields and dried-out wetlands. Large flocks of Tawny-bellied Seedeaters with a few Black-throated Seedeater in between were found in dry scrub by the road.

August 8th
Breakfast in the hotel restaurant with sweet cakes and coffee made on liquid extract. We went for Lomas de Arena, a recreational area visited for its sand dunes a little outside Santa Cruz. Before the opening of the park we strolled along a railway track through an open grassland with a view to the industrial plants of Santa Cruz and with a cold wind sweeping between the few lonely cacti. We saw Lesser Shrike-tyrant - a Patagonian migrant. Back in the village, a lot of birds in the hedges by the houses attracted our attention, and walking in the area we flushed the tiny and quail-like Small-billed Tinamou just in front of us. The tinamous of these dry habitats are not so difficult to get a view of, as we saw also Red-winged Tinamou in the morning and several White-bellied Nothura during that day. In the park itself we went through undulating grassland with groves and scrub, followed a watercourse with a gallery of taller trees and ended up in an area of denser dry forest. The visitors in the park were mostly young people racing around in primitive open off-roaders  with tractor wheels. Many species of woodpeckers including a flock of White Woodpecker passed by. For the afternoon we decided to walk along Camiri Road, which is part of the Lomas area, but going there requires a long drive back to Santa Cruz and out again. On the way we had a collision as we crossed a roundabout and hit a car coming at high speed from the right so that its bumper fell off without damaging our vehicle. In the excited quarrel that followed the other chap claimed that he was in his right because he blew his horn, and he ended up having some money which is the wiser expedient when a Peruvian car hits a Bolivian. Along the road we birded in a area of developed decidious woodland alternating with open grassland. A hunter on horseback assured us that Seriemas were seen in the area, but we stayed towards sunset without having the luck to see any.
Santa Cruz is a modern town in an area rich in agriculture and with deposits of oil and natural gas and is a fast-growing and wealthy place lacking atmosphere. We stayed probably in the centre though the quarter didn’t look inspiring. Chess-board town plan, and roundabouts with statues on the broad approach road were laid out to be impressive, though the impression was somewhat destroyed by road  works with traffic jams and long unmarked detours via dirt roads. 

August 9th
We slept while our car took the long way up to Trinidad, and we took caps to the Viru-viru airport, where we went birdwatching in the rolling grassland in the morning in pursuit of Seriemas. Probably, larger birds as Seriemas and Rheas are becoming increasingly scarce around Santa Cruz as hunting and other human activities put pressure on them, and maybe we should have spent less time around Santa Cruz and more at other places in the countryside. The flight for Trinidad was short and efficient as we took off and landed before schedule. Trinidad is a small, sleepy provincial town with its fair share of pompous statues and monuments. We started out along the Laguna Suarez road where we birdwatched until sunset. Extensive wetlands along the road with birds all over.  Wet grassland, waterlogged meadows with dense and tall green herbs, papyrus beds, open areas with ponds full of waterlilies, cecropia forest, open woodland of a tall tree without leaves but with the entire crown full of intensely orange flowers, large lonely trees with broad canopies of green foliage. By the first waterhole just outside town three Southern Screamer sat in a treetop and joined in a resounding concert before the heavy birds left their stand in the treetop and flew down in the swamp. Raptors sitting in many of the stumps by the waterholes, Snail Kites with shells in their bill, a Crane Hawk searching a tree-trunk, hanging upside down flickering its wings for balance and probing into holes and crevices with its long legs. Lots of Hudson’s Black-tyrants, a species with a restricted breeding range in southern Patagonia having its wintering grounds in this area. The difficult Plain Tyrannulet coming in and sitting in the low scrubs a few meters from us so that we could be sure of the identification. Beyond a roadbend with a tea garden outside which the black Vultures congregated around a swolllen and stinking dead cow, the landscape became more open. A waterhole was full of storks, the American Woodstorks speedily turning and twisting with their bills under the water, Roseate Spoonbill grubbing in the surface, and a huge Jabiru standing motionless towering above the milling flock. Caimans and Capybaras were around, though vary and shy and speedily getting away splashing in the water when approached. 

Back in Trinidad we went out to a Brazilian style beef restaurant typical of this lowland cattle country. Fine tender beef served with yucca and Bolivian red wine.

August 10th
Our hotel seemed to be a meeting place for motorcyclists, as motorcycles were packed in the lobby and we had to get in edgeways to the restaurant. Even inside the restaurant two motorcycles were parked on he floor. A caravan of these open, tractor-wheeled, noisy, off-road vehicles were parked outside the hotel, and we were told this was an ecotourism caravan. Either we or those people must have misunderstood the meaning of ecotourism…. Confusion before departure, as Gunnar and his people overslept after driving all night yesterday for Trinidad and the trouble with the car tonigth. They were at a repair shop to have the spare tyre inflated. The mechanic certainly inflated until the tube exploded in his face, and he was knocked down with a bleeding wound and brought to the hospital. The police was involved and in the end Gunnar had to pay a fine. You would think that a professional running a repair shop should know what he was doing, and people delivering their car to a repair shop shouldn’t end up being fined for the mechanic’s faults, but this is the way justice works, and anyway the fine was negotiated down to a reasonable level. A strange sound alarmed us as we drove out of town and it turned out that the other tube was also inflated excessively, and Juvenal probably lets the air out just in time to avoid another explosion.
This part of Bolivia is wet savannah. We travelled through fine landscapes, swamps with tall grasses or papyrus alternating with more dense woodland. Areas of palm savannah, areas with trees having shed their leaves for the dry season but instead flowering in intense yellow or pink. Storks, Ibises and Limpkins in the swamps. In one place a pair of Orinoco Goose stood by a waterhole. A group of Toco Toucans retired through the tall canopies. Excellent birdwatching with many and diverse species. At the village San Pedro we had an unintented stop, as a flat tyre had to be mended.  At the turn-off for hacienda Cutal the bush was on fire, and a large group of raptors had congregated for a roast meal of prey caught by the flames, the Crested Caracaras flocking on the scorched  earth, and Savannah Hawks and Whitetailed Hawks joining in.

It had been a race with the clock in order to arrive in time for the evening roost for our target species, the Blue-throated Macaw, so we just unloaded our baggage at the hacienda and set out for the Macaws. Lilian had been picked up in Trinidad to serve as a guide and took over the command showing astonishing knowledge of the locality as our car passed through the stickgates into a system of back roads becoming wheel tracks and wheel tracks becoming driving in the fields. We had to pass through puddles at the gates, where the tractors had messed up the road, and at one such place we got stuck. Everybody out to push while loud disagreemets on what to do and what absolutely not to do were exchanged in English, Danish, Swedish and Spanish at the same time. A log was found and thrown into the mud splashing dirt all over the ones standing closest by but not helping much in getting the car up or through. Gunnar had to edge the pool in order to get through the gate. In the first attempt he ended up in the mud and in the second he knocked right into the pole. The only way to negotiate the fence was by a pair of cutting nippers, Lilian knowing what to do to remedy the damage. We were already far behind schedule as we continued over the savannahs crossing narrow wooden bridges and catching up with new tracks as the way seemed lost. We ended up at sunset by the palm grove. A hurried but remarkable experience of wildlife as we walked through the roost. From one tree, an explosion of heavy wing beats and  rattling palm leaves as a hundred Turkey Vultures were disturbed in their evening assembly. In another, the Blue-and-Yellow Macaws were clambering around right overhead. A troop of Back Howler Monkeys glared down upon us. Hissing Hoatzins flying out. Excitement whenever blue Macaws were encountered at the roost, but they all turned up to be Blue-and-Yellow. We were too late as the Blue-throated Macaw may come in to feed in the afternoon, but they never sleep at the roost. In the twilight, the Scissortailed Nightjars came out, flying with their long streamers trailing and sitting on the ground between us. A Great Horned Owl also appeared. It had become pitch-dark, and as we didn’t want to try the tracks across the savannahs in darkness we figured we could join up with the highway by taking the entrance way back. Lilian who we had taken as pathfinder objected but let us have our way. After endless driving through stick gates and along a fair distance having a poor Coatimundi running and running in front of the car instead of just getting off the way, we ended up by a flooding of the road where an alligator with youngs could be spotlighted in the darkness and where there was no way of getting through. So much for our know-all attitude. Having driven all the way back to the roost, Lilian proved that she could find the tracks across the savannah as easily in darkness as by daylight.

We stayed at the pleasant, wooden farmhouse of the hacienda Cutal, that the owners had lend us. The haciendas out here raise cattle of the white, humpbacked Indian type, and there is a cowboy atmosphere as most farm work seems to be done from horseback. The stay was arranged by the very efficient Lilian who seemed to know everybody at the haciendas and every track in the savannahs and also had detailed knowledge of on the biology and whereabouts of the Blue-throated Macaws.

August 11th
We set out in darkness to be back at the roost at sunrise. In one of the places where the tracks ended and the car had to go  through the herbs, we got stuck. Pushing was of no use, so we set out to walk for the palm grove, while first horses and then a tractor was called to pull the car free. Voices in the daybreak were identified as Little Nightjar and Spot-tailed Nightjar. We spent the morning watching at the grove, but no Macaws came in to feed. Time to go the long way back to Trinidad. Well, maybe not, as Lilian had got some fresh news about a grove not far away where a presumed breeding pair of Blue-throated Macaw should stay. Would we take rhe risk? Yes! A drive to a low grove of palms called mutaco. We entered the grove, and then the pair of Blue-throated Macaw circled a few times overhead, turning in the sun and showing their blue throat. They settled somewhere in the grove, and we tried to find them again. We were standing talking about where they might have gone, as they took off from he palm leaves right above our heads. The species was described from last century and believed extinct when it was rediscovered from this part of Bolivia in the early 1990’s. A rare bird, it is a specialist of the nuts of the mutaco palm that grows in compact groves called “islands”. Its rarity is natural as the mutaco is scarce and there is competition from the larger and stronger Blue-and-Yellow Macaw. Now, the palm islands are cleared or burned, and illegal trapping takes place and the Macaws are heading for extinction.

Time was short as we set out for Trinidad. First a puncture. Then a stop at our well-known repair shop in San Pedro to get the tube repaired. The problem seemed to be irregularities in the rim fretting the tube from within so they tried to fit an old tube as protection. That didn’t help. A few kilometres outside San Pedro the tyre was totally flat. Anyone having wanted to bet that we would catch our bus in Trinidad could have had fine odds by now. But we made it on the spare tyre on bad road and at high speed. The group embarked on the night bus to Santa Cruz, while Gunnar and the crew fixed the car and followed us. The bus terminal was a bustling place, with confusing lines, children selling candy, porters carrying baggage, and an official collecting coins for taxes as you embarked upon your bus. The bus was quite comfortable but with too little room for the legs for most of us, and as the road was terrible and  seemed to be one endless road mending we didn’t get that much sleep.

August 12th
In Santa Cruz we caught up with Simon, a young British birdwatcher who worked for Gunnar’s agency and had done some investigations in Bolivia. Simon joined us for the rest of the trip and was a good help finding and identifying birds. We went for the Santa Cruz Botanical Garden that had some nice chaco habitat, but as  it was already late morning and rather hot we didn’t see much and chose to continue early. A new sound in the car was the exhaust-pipe that had been damaged by tonight’s drive and was about to fall off.

We came up towards the mountains and turned off for Los Vulcanes where two Military Macaws flying pass pointed to what a fine place we had come to. The landscape was tremendous. From the top you looked down into a hollow, surrounded by steep, rocky, reddish cliffs all the way round. Our first Condor came gliding towards us across the scenery turning its head in the impeccable white ruff to have a better look at us.  At the bottom a meadow with a little house, surrounded by forest that covered the valley floor and the lower part of the cliff. A taciturn German fellow called Hans had bought the entire valley and built himself a secluded home in the middle of nature, with a separate guesthouse with rooms where people like us has the opportunity to stay. A steep road led down to the valley, and could only be climbed by Hans’ narrow four-wheel driver that took the baggage down while we walked our way down birdwatching in the forest. We met a covey of Rufous-breasted Wood-quail. They were surprisingly tame and worked in the heavy litter of dry leaves on the floor of the dense forest rummaging for food with hunched backs and now and the looking up. In the evening we found a Tamandua sitting in the top of a tiny tree looking out without doing much. As it became dark, a pair of Black-banded Owls started calling and came in with play-back.

August 13th
We woke up to a grey morning with the clouds forming a ceiling above the splendid theatre of our valley and with the excellent forest right outside our doorstep. This was our only night in the middle of nature, which we looked back on as a highlight of the journey. The forest was tall of a deciduous type with some trees having foliage, some trees flowering and some almost naked, and birds was an interesting mix of rainforest and dry forest species. We followed a trail through the forest up to the cliff where landslides had cut through and left patches of natural secondary growth with bamboo. Otherwise, the forest was untouched and the birds seemed confident as if this valley had hardly been visited by man. Short-tailed Ant-thrush was a very common bird and was seen without tape as you could hardly miss one or another individual walking in the forest floor or running across the trail. Simon had once stayed for a week in the valley and explored the birds, and had found Ashy Antwren and Bolivian Recurvebill that are endemics and known as very difficult birds to see. We tried for them at his sites but didn’t have the luck.  After lunch we started walking up the trail birdwatching as we ascended from 1100 meters above sea-level at the valley floor to 1400 on the top.

On the way to Samaipata, we stopped by a lake, Laguna Volcano, where a sideroad in bad condition take you to a gate where you have to pay entry. A small lake full of waterlilies in a degraded landscape with no forest left. The place is a reliable site for Masked Duck, and we were lucky to find nine birds. The cold weather had returned and we froze and we left after a little while. Along the way we stopped in degraded habitat with scrub, that looked boring compared to the forest at Los Vulcanes and we didn’t see anything special. Samaipata is a fashionable resort in the highlands where people from Santa Cruz have their cottages to escape from the summer heat. This however was very much out of season. We stopped at a grocery shop where we bought all the chocolate only to discover that it tasted like soap, so later most of it was given to the driver to  keep him awake at the wheel. Well, as a native he probably found it having the proper taste of chocolate. 

August 14th
We stayed in a cottage rented for a night with six-people bedrooms and washing facilities in the courtyard under the open sky. As it was a raw and overcast morning and the temperature was 8EC washing was not that very popular. For breakfast Goyo, our man-of-all-work had prepared oatmeal porridge for us. Goyo-Goyo-Goyo, was the keynote that Gunnar always spoke to his radio whenever the car was in one place and we in another where we rather liked it to be. Actually the radio didn’t work over very long distances even if it had new batteries and especially not when there was mountains in between, which is often the case in Bolivia, so more often than not, the Goyo-Goyo-Goyo was of no avail. Gunnar was fond of electronic devices, and the satellite navigator, the stereo loudspeakers for the tape-recorder and the electronic notebook formed an integral part of his field equipment. We drove to a place known as the pipeline trail a little out of town. The trail started as a fine driving trail following a valley with a watercourse, but a little down the trail it was blocked by a large rock probably left over from a landslide. The habitat was dry scrub with smaller trees and becoming a higher and denser woodland further shead. Larger trees were covered with lichens and small bromeliads. We followed the trail for quite long way taking you back to farmland with small plots in the bush and a way back to the main road. A thousand Mitred Parakeet passed high up in chattering flocks on their morning migration and a flock congregated in a reaped cornfield on the opposite slope. Though the habitat seemed rather open and dry it is nevertheless the haunt of five different species of Antshrikes. We saw Rufous-capped, Variable and Chestnut-backed in the morning, while Giant Antshrike was only heard from down in the valley. After lunch we went back to look for that species, and the lucky ones who happened to be watching an Ultramarine Grosbeak saw this powerful zebra-striped giant flying through their field and disappearing in the bushes. Time out, we had to push on. En route for El Tambo on a rugged road a tube exploded with a bang leaving the tyre crumbled up. We got an involuntary walk in a quite special landscape with low gnarled trees covered with lichens and afterwards the usual call at the repair shop to have it fixed. A balance between either driving with the normal wheel without tread or the spare wheel that didn’t fit. We arrived two hours behind schedule and definitely too late for hot supper at the mission school where we had lend some dormitories for our next stay.
August 15th
Breakfast was Goyo’s oatmeal porridge prepared in the mission school’s kitchen and supplemented with the mission school’s nice home-made bread. We started the morning on a slope near the mission school, where deep erosion gullies that we had to jump had cut through a dry landscape of bushes. Cacti were dominant with both tall candelabrum-style ones, and sausage-shaped ones creeping along the ground. Many of the tall cacti had woodpecker holes and the family groups of White-fronted Woodpecker sat on the branches of the cacti. We also had the endemic Bolivian Earthcreeper at one of the largest gullies.  The mission school where we stayed was established by North American missionaries – protestants of some American sort, that had gone to Bolivia to convert the heathen Catholics, and had established this school for their own children placed in biblical surroundings in the middle of the desert. Well, the people of the place were nice and friendly and the children well-behaving. We had lunch at the school’s messroom where the short grace was said in the loudspeaker. We emptied the school shop of chocolate, this time American style chocolate that corresponded better to our taste than the local stuff.

A speciality of the El Tambo area is the Red-fronted Macaw, a unique Macaw of the semi-desert that has now become distressingly rare through trapping and persecution – the entire world population low at a few thousand pairs, and the prices going up at the black market the rarer the species becomes. Finding it is a challenge. In the afternoon we went to Rio Mizque valley, which is a roost that the birds sometimes frequent, and where the trappers are known to go and get them. The road out there was difficult and we had to ask directions in the village and choose the right track of the many that branched out in the bush. In a river crossing where several arms of the river should be crossed by driving the car through the stony bed and  into the stream, we had the daily puncture and left Juvenal and Goyo with the repair and walked further on into the valley. We walked through a tall cactus forest in deep soft dust that formed clouds where we stepped. A man rode by on his horse with his bicycle on his shoulder. We ended up at a place called “La Playa” at the “Rio Grande”, a broad river meandering through a bed of white stones by the entrance of a steep gorge. We sat down and waited for the rest of the afternoon hoping that the Macaws would come to the roost. They had been here some three weeks ago, but now they had probably left the area. But the scenery was beautiful. On the way back we called at the repair shop. It is astonishing to discover how every tiny village far out in the bush has it own repair shop that seems to have twenty-four hour service. We learned that this is part of the infrastructure of a country with bad roads and rundown cars. We arrived at the mission school much to late for supper, but they had left us a kettle of soup that we could heat and eat in the light of our torches as the ordinary light was put out at nine.

August 16th
Up at four after a too short night’s sleep as Erik was tired of too optimistic estimates of driving time and wanted to be at the locality at dawn. This time however, the original estimate wasn’t too bad, and as we didn’t have the puncture which Erik by now incorporated in his schedules, we arrived well before sunrise and had to wait in the cold and dark. We were at Siberia, that is a cloud forest in the pass at about 2,900 meter altitude. The place is known as the southernmost cloudforest in the Andes, and it is there, as Siberia - which the name suggests - is an excessively cold place due to some of those local weather circumstances that forms pockets of strange habitats at places where you don’t expect them throughout the Andes. White frost on the grass and a starry sky as we waited for the first birds to wake up, while Goyo cooked coffee on the spirit stove taking a long time to heat in the thin air. The forest consisted of low and gnarled trees with small leaves that had the branches covered with thick layers of lumpy, drenched, black moss and formed a closed and low canopy looking quite like broccoli from above. Birds went in parties and it seemed to be more or less the same four species we encountered in every party.

We still had to find the Macaws, so we left Siberia before noon. The transition from cloudforest to semidesert was abrupt. As the exhaust-pipe was about to fall off and had been rattling terribly for the last couple of days the car had to go the repair shop and we had lunch in Comarapa in between. Simon asked around in town where the macaws had been seen recently, and the inn keeper seemed to know about them. The local people know them as “donkey parrots” and as they are very conspicuous and maybe because they are highly valued by collectors and the trappers can make huge money catching them, it seems that people know them well and that you can more or less ask your way for them. This is the best thing to do, as the valleys are large, the macaws are rare, and they go in and out of the known area, so visiting known sites is not always productive. We followed the road to Tunal taking us through a scenic landscape with cactus forest and dry valleys. In a valley with small farmhouses, fields, bush and scattered trees, the driver saw something that might have been the macaws, and we got out and walked and asked directions by a farm, where the farmer told us about a night roost further down the road. We entered the car to get their, just as two Macaws suddenly came flying by, everybody panicked to get out of the car in a hurry which was something of a challenge as the passage was very narrow. The two Macaws settled in a small treetop in perfect light and we could enjoy them in the telescope, their red fronts grading into deep orange. They flew off, and we entered the car to go to the roost, as a flock of macaws came flying in through the valley and we all hurried out again. Two flocks passed by, the last one coming back and settling in a broad tree. Green, red and orange while sitting, and the wings flashing in blue and yellow while flying. We went after the flock, and finally had 28 of them sitting in an acacia-style tree picking dry pods with the bill and taking them in their feet while eating out of them.

August 17th
We had a long way to go and many interesting birds to look for on the way so we started out early again. We passed through Siberia and stopped just above the cloud forest at a site known as El Chunal. The habitat was alder scrub. The alders had shed their leaves and stood with yellow catkins that the Brown-mantled Tit-spinetails searched acrobatically, while the bushes were full of mistletoes with scarlet flowers. Many birds were active as the morning sun reached the bushes. We continued while Gunnar consulted his satellites and Simon his memory to find the right curve for the site for Black-hooded Sunbeam. We had it right down in some small flowers by the ground, now buzzing in front of them, now sitting and sucking on them. Sombre black and reddish colours, and a flashing turquoise rump as an unexpected contrast. We started in the morning with sweaters and mufflers and gloves, and as the sun rose it soon became hot, and the clothes were packed away in whatever room was available in the car. Bottles of water rolled around on the floor in the car to be used for the radiator, that had to be filled now an then. The battery was leaking and hence stood in a plastic bag. The windows slit open by the shakings from the road and had to be blocked by a branch. The easiest way to close the door was from the outside, but as the handle fell of it had to be locked from the inside which was a difficult manoeuvre best solved when somebody pushed from the outside at the same time. Goyo had his seat on the doorstep, Simon and Gunnar alternated having the poor seat with the gear lever between the legs where you had to pull in when Juvenal changed to the first gear. 

Bolivia is a vast and thinly populated country. There must be lots of natural habitat, but it is impossible to get there due to the bad infrastructure, and our trip had so far concentrated on accessible places along public highways. Bolivia isn’t much explored by ornithologists, and new bird species are still found. Even here along the old Santa Cruz to Cochabamba highway much habitat was left. In twenty years when many other countries are run down in trash, Bolivia may be worth going back to, but I think none of us wants to go back in the near future. The roads are bad, the country seems ill-functioning, bureaucratic and corrupt. People gave an introvert and suspicious impression, but nowhere were we treated unfriendly. Bolivia has a bad reputation and many travellers expect a risk of crime, but I got the impression that in this respect Bolivia is probably better than most South American countries. Some hotels where we stayed didn’t have keys. The country is very poor but maybe it didn’t have the striking contrasts between affluence and hopeless poverty you see in other places. Towns and villages looked ugly, the houses of concrete and adobe, respectively, were made with no decorations. 
We stopped in a polylepis scrub that didn’t produce anything in the midday heat, and then at a site for Wedge-tailed Hillstar that was there. In the afternoon we had a long stop at a place called Puente Mendoza where a trail followed a watercourse with alder forest in the valley bottom and a mixed landscape of cultivated fields and open rocky grassland. The mixed habitat produced many species of birds. A last stop at sunset in polylepis scrub and then we headed for Cochabamba. Approaching town the dirt road changed into a fine and broad avenue. We had had the afternoon puncture, but as the road was so fine we chose to push for Cochabamba rather than to have the spare repaired at the roadside. Then it all ended up in road works and getting stuck in an endless line on horrible sideroads in the slums. We stayed at Hotel Las Americas in the middle of town, that was meant to be a fine hotel but the hot water didn’t really work. Cochabamba should be a pleasant town and we got some fragmented  impressions of the centre with its old colonial style building, baroque cathedrals and fine plazas as we passed through in darkness to go to a restaurant.

August 18th
We left Cochabamba early in order to be at the pass before daybreak to listen for Swallow-tailed Nightjar. But as departures were not on schedule rather due to the guides than to the participants, and distances were usually underestimated, we got there about sunrise, and as Gunnar had brought the tape with the Lyre-tailed Nightjar it was all in vain. We were going across the crest above Cochabamba in 3,600 meter and down Chapare Road that goes all the way down to the upper tropical zone with much fine habitat left. In 2,900 meters we turned off for a site known as Tablasmonte. One of the first birds we spotted was a Chestnut-crested Cotinga sitting on a naked emergent branch where it stayed all morning and could be enjoyed through the telescope. The area was temperate montane forest, that was rather low and thin at the upper part of the sideroad with many flowering bushes and herbs in colours of yellow, magenta, bluish and red. Scalynaped Parrots flew out high in the sky, and the smaller Black-winged Parrot came in with a characteristic quick pigeon-like wingbeat. Further down the forest in the bottom of the valley was tall, the large emergent trees having their heavy branches covered with lichens and bromeliads, and the understory had tree ferns and bamboo. We looked out for Hooded Mountain-toucan but didn’t have the luck.

As the hot weather and merciless sun made the birds inactive, we continued on for Villa Tunari. The police-check was more well-equipped here with narcotics equipment as this is coca country, and the officer had an eye on our baggage on the roof but was persuaded to look at the passports only. It seemed efficient and maybe the check was there to impress the Americans, but as there was no control the other day when we went up from the coca country it could be all the same. Shopkeepers had their stalls at police-checks as cars holding in lines make good business. By Villa Tunari we went up to Carrasco National Park where the rumours we had heard were confirmed. The road into the park had been washed away in a landslide, and the cable for the river crossing to the Oilbird cave and Curassow country had been washed away by the rains. As they told us, why should they replace it, when it probably would be destroyed by the next rains anyway… We looked at the rapids in the river below and speculated in fancy means to cross while Gunnar negotiated to use the farmer’s river crossing a little further upstream which turned out to be absolutely impossible for some Bolivian reason. Disappointment. We continued to the nice hotel Los Tucanes with bungalows in a tropical garden at a river bend. The afternoon walk by the river gave a lot of tropical species without anything exceptional. Well, we tried some exciting ways to cross a barbed wire fence where we came up from the riverbed – the least sporty and least damaging to the clothes of course was finding the gate and walking through that.

August 19th
We went up the road to the national park and started walking as the forest looked good. The road followed the river through the rainforest on an elevated cliff with many fine views of the scenery. Tall rainforest with a rich selection of epiphytes on the trees, and many cecropias bordering the river. The walk took us up beyond the landslide, where the cliff was totally washed down and could be edged by on foot only. We passed by a leck of Andean Cock-of-the-Rock with two males that intensively displayed towards each other, inflating themselves, bowing, climbing around challenging each other. As we walked along the road two male Amazonian Umbrellabirds with their “umbrella-style” ornaments on the head came flying out of the forest and right by. Other birds were harder to identify and we got some descriptions on the notebook that had to be carefully studied in the very field-use-and-weather-worn Ridgeley, that Gunnar carried in the car. In a party we observed a brownish flowerpiercer, lighter brown below than above, with a blackish oblong throat-patch. No flowerpiercer in the books corresponds with the description nor the habitat, but it is known that an undescribed flowerpiercer has been noted from this area. Going back to the hotel, the tread fell off one of the tyres, and the car had to go to the repair shop. In the afternoon we visited the Parque Machia at Villa Tunari. A forest with walking trails on steep slopes, that makes birdwatching difficult. We had nice views of Ruddy Quail-dove on the forest floor and trogons coming in overhead. A very enthusiastic guard showed us a model of the Chapare Valley at the guesthouse where we should sign in in the visitor book.

August 20th
We drove back to Cochabamba along the Chapare Road concentrating on the subtropical altitude zone, that we skipped going down. The entire morning was spent around Miguelito with a trucker’s brothel stinking of shit and small farmhouses and patches of good forest and some cecropias where we watched the tanagers that came through to feed without finding Straw-backed Tanager, that is a speciality of the area. We started at an open patch in the forest that may be a lake at other times of the year. We worked a lot on a White-throated Antpitta calling from the middle of a tangle. The more patient of us slowly climbed and crawled deep into the tangle. The Antpitta called motionless from somewhere near. Then it started moving -  excitement - and for a short while it was sitting calling one meter in front of my nose. We always left hotels well before they could serve breakfast so both breakfast and lunch was normally eaten in the field. Variation was limited. The bread in Bolivia tasted old even when fresh. Breakfast was dry bread with cheese and lunch was a little dryer bread with tinned sardines. We had a lot of tinned sardines on that journey. This lunch was highlighted by a quite nice view of a Semi-collared Hawk sitting in a tree by the road. A rare species from the subtropical zone in the Andes. It was not on Simon’s Bolivia-list, so maybe this was a first record for the country.

Clouds gathered and fog came in, and Goyo asked in vain at the roadside stalls for plastic, as the piece that had covered our bags through the sunny days was now torn to rags. We continued up to the temperate zone. A little below Tablasmonte we had a family of Barred Fruiteater at eye-level in the bushes. The two parents and two newly-fledged youngs with stumpy tails that were fed by the adults. And at a place where we watched something out in the foggy panorama, a Rufous-faced Antpitta suddenly came out from the forest and hopped on the grassy edge five meters in front of us, probably coming out because of the foggy conditons. Not shy, but normally secluded into the densest tangles, this Bolivian endemic is certainly not a species everyone going to Bolivia will see so well. We continued to Tablasmonte, where the Chestnut-crested Cotinga was still sitting on the perch where we left it the day before yesterday. A Grass-green Tanager came almost falling down from the sky flittering like a propelled seed and landing groggy on the road. It was probably hit by a sling-shot stone by the houses up the road. Twilight came and we ended up at the pass in 3,600 meters by the rocky cliffs with grass and small bushes. This time we had the Swallow-tailed Nightjar tape ready. In the moisture darkness came early but slowly. For a long while it didn’t respond, then it answered from high up on the cliff, and finally it came flying out high in the sky with its extraordinary streamers twice the length of the bird. We arrived late at Cochabamba and weren’t good for any more dining than a quick visit at McDonalds.

August 21st
Quillacolla road goes up in the high mountains just outside Cochabamba. Getting there wasn’t easy as there were road mendings and deviations. Asking your way is the normal way of navigating in Bolivia. People will then tell you something and show you with a casual gesture up in the air. Seemingly the same gesture whichever direction they pointed to. We started by a ravine with dry scrub in the bottom in an open and dry country where we had lots of birds. We continued up to a landscape with bushes and fat short cacti on the hillsides, where we had Maquis Canastero.  Higher up we came to the polylepis zone in 3,600 meters with low polylepis forest on a slope under a tall cliff. Now, it was late morning and beginning to get hot, and 21 Condors that had roosted for the night at the top came out and soared by the cliff before they dispersed. We followed a dry riverbed up in the polylepis where we had Giant Conebill that is exclusively a polylepis species and many Cochabamba Mountain-finches that probably had their natural habitat here, but we also observed this very local endemic in scrubby and cultivated habitats. We continued up in the high puna. An immense panorama of distant mountains, yellow grassland with rocks and boulders, and grazing lamas. We didn’t have much time as we had to go back to Cochabamba to get a new tyre for the car instead of the one that lost the tread. 

The road from Cochabamba to Oruro takes you through the pass and up to the altiplano that is a plateau in about 4,000 meters forming a large part of Bolivia. The landscape is dry and desert-like with barren earth, rocks and low bushes. Shepherds roamed the landscape with flocks of goats and sheep guarded by sheep dogs. Herd boy begs by the roadside, and lonesome paria-dogs sat by the road at intervals and slunk away if we approached them. In creeks there were bushes and flowers with Giant Hummingbird and Andean Hillstar around. Juvenal, the driver, had been tired out rising early, coming home late, being at repair shops in the night and so on. This afternoon he was really groggy and had to be kept awake with constant talking and pieces of chocolate until he was relieved by Gunnar to have a nap. It was at the pass and Gunnar started down at bold pace using the brake more than the gear and soon Juvenal woke up from his sleep to the burned stench and ominous rattling from the ruined brake blocks and took over the driving to our relief. 

August 22nd
We stayed at the hotel in Oruro which was at the bus terminal. In 3,700 meter altitude we had arrived at the high Andes and felt dizzy while walking and lost the breath climbing the staircase. The elevator stopped between two floors and there was no alarm button, but after having shouted and whistled for some time with no help we managed to force the door up and climbed out over a high step. Oruro is a forlorn place, totally flat, no trees, all in brown colours with paltry adobe houses and windswept dusty streets. In the outskirts there were wast rubbish dumps with plastic bags flying in the wind, shepherdesses in ample shirts and bowler hats herding their hairy pigs, stray dogs fighting over scraps, and young Mountain Caracaras hanging around and feeling homelike. Originally we had planned to stay a day in Oruro for the flamingo lakes. As the lakes were reported dried up we had changed the plans to go to Lauca in Chile. So now, Oruro was just a stopover on our way. However, we wanted to check for some passerines outside town when we discovered water in the lake. Lake Uro-uro is a huge salt pan that starts just out of town and temporarily contains water. Flat, open, brown, some far-away low mountains at the sides and endless flatness towards the horizon, lake Uro-uro is not a charming landscape but possesses its own desolate greatness. Where the water suddenly should have come from was a mystery. We drove out on the firm white pan where trucks made their way southbound in large clouds of dust and we approached the shallow sheets of water closely by car. The place was stuffed with birds. Ducks, geese, gulls, ibises flocked by the limited water, and Baird’s Sandpipers from the northern tundra were already present in flocks here at their wintering grounds. Further, there were the Flamingos. First we only saw juveniles and we started to read about subtle field characters in “The Birds of the High Andes” that we really couldn’t fit with the birds we were looking at. Then we found an adult and in our ardour to identify it we had even that made into all three species until we calmed down and concentrated. Well, we had two adults, the one being a Puna Flamingo and the other one an Andean Flamingo. The rest of the flamingos were juveniles, and we estimated 90 percent Andean and 10 percent Puna. However having looked at them for a long time at close range and in good light we must admit that juvenile Flamingos are unbelievably difficult.
The road to the Chilean border was the best we had been driving on, and the large distances were covered at reasonable pace. We drove for hours over the flat altiplano with downgrazed bunchgrass and tola heath of small green bushes. Far between villages with adobe houses and their rude but impressive adobe churches. In Patacamaya we called at the repair shop to get the new tyres fit on, and the mechanic went at the job with a heavy miner pickaxe. No wonder, that rims may be damaged in such places… Endless stone fences in the wilderness, that must have been built through generations. Tame llamas with red thread in the ears. Clay towers along the road were tombs from an ancient Indian community. In some places there were fantastic rock formations like clusters of mushrooms some of them with an “eyehole” through the top. Now we could see the snow-capped cone of Nevada Sajama of 6,530 meters, the highest peak in Bolivia. It stands isolated in the flat desert. We crossed the Chilean border at 4,500 meters late in the afternoon. There was no bureaucracy at the crossing, and  Chile looked like a richer and more orderly place than Bolivia. In the windswept lake at the border post there were lots of birds. On the shallows there were Chilean Flamingo and many Andean Avocets, and as we drove by the deep blue lake in the last sunlight we noticed the continuous band of Silvery Grebe and the many Giant Coots along the shore. We continued through Lauca National Park where we noticed the difference in landscape and abundance of animals and birds compared to the Bolivian side of the border where the puna is also declared national park, but there the vegetation is grazed down by the livestock and the wildlife hunted out by the poachers. In a stream by the road we had a pair of Torrent Duck, and a pair of Ornate Tinamou crossed in front of us. As we first saw our hotel las Vicuñas down in Putre we thought it might be some miner barracks. We should sleep tree persons in a double room, and all furniture had to be removed to make room for the third bed. The electric heater brought the room temperature up to 12EC. In the restaurant the waiter wore a knitted cap serving tough meat with vegetables boiled to a mash which we could read in their brochure was the special creation of the very special chef of the place.

August 23rd
Lauca  is a great place. The setting is a plateau in 4,500 meters and the panorama is dominated by the twin cones of the snow-capped volcanoes Parinacota and Pomerape towering some 2,000 meters above the general level. The water is what makes the difference from places we visited in Bolivia. Lakes and ponds were everywhere. There were swampy bogs with green mossy grass at the lakesides and there were many streams coming down the valleys or gushing from the ground and branching through the bogs. In the upper valleys especially in places with shelter there were bushes, there were rocky hillsides and there were large plains with tola heath and bunchgrass. The sun was shining and in the clear air of the high mountains the blue colours of the lakes, the yellow of the heaths, the green of the bogs shinned bright with a special intensity. We had five species of mammals. The elegant Vicuñas were all over, foxes were out in the morning, the furry grey hare-eared and squirrel-tailed Viscachas sunned themselves on the rocks, a pair of Grisons ran away between the stones and there were some stocky and grey mouse-like animals. Birds were tame and abundant. Small lakes held many pairs of Giant Coots that were fighting or pursuing each other. They were at all phases of their breeding cycle. In one place they carried floating vegetation to build up their enormous nest, in another newly hatched chickens on the nest, in a third place large youngs. Woodpeckers seem out-of-place birds in these highlands, but there were Andean Flicker living in the open heath where they go in groups an sits on the boulders with their bill pointing upwards. In the valleys with bushes we had groups of the large and heavy Puna Tinamous. In the afternoon we searched for Lesser Rheas driving long distances in the plains, but they should be breeding by now and excessively shy which may be the reason why we didn’t see any. At one place we tried a sideroad that ended up in a sandy hole where we got stuck and had to push the car out. The last place we tried was a valley we followed up along a little stream  meandering through a bog where we found a pair of Diademed Sandpiper-plover. Tame and curious these special little waders just climbed a tussock and stood there watching us, waiting patiently while everybody climbed the steep slope to see them.

August 24th
The morning was used in the valleys above Putre. The small streams along the road was frozen during the night and the landscape rimy. When the sun rose above the ridge the weather changed from winter to summer within half an hour. We spread out in a valley following an elevated riverbed with the watercourse spreading over rocks and tussocks into ravines with low bushes and clusters of hairy, sausage-shaped cacti with red flowers. We had some passerines such as the very characteristic Dark-winged Canastero. We tried another creek further down the road on the edge of a more cultivated landscape. We had a group of White-throated Earth-creepers, that is a little seen species and a speciality of this area. It took quite some discussions to identify it, as the illustration in “The Birds of the High Andes” is misleading as it shows it much too buff contrary to the text. We drove back through Lauca with a few bird stops at the lakes and arrived at the Bolivian border to discover that it was closed for lunch and that we had to wait for two hours. Well, an officer arrived and having talked nicely to him and so on he did us the favour to stamp our passports and open the border for us. All the way through Lauca we had searched the valleys as our last chance for the Lesser Rhea. Now we blundered in the car as we hurried through the Bolivian landscape and then, suddenly they were there. A group of seven birds, one adult and six grown-up youngs almost the size of the parent. The old bird had small white spots in the feathers on the back, while the youngsters were dull brown. They were standing close to the road. Their loose feathers quivered as they ran a little and then they went quietly through the heath pecking on the ground. We also had a pair of Golden-spotted Ground-dove on a stone fence. The small spots are really golden, as they flash up if seen in exactly the right angle. 

We drove towards La Paz in the afternoon. The capital is situated in a valley on the edge of the altiplano and approached through the suburbs in 4,000 meters altitude with a view over the city below in a kettle. Then you go down serpentine roads and suddenly you are trapped in the traffic jams of the chaotic central streets. Juvenal was an excellent driver in the mountains, but in cities he tended to overtake every bus on his way which placed him in the wrong lane missing the turns and we ended up in traffic jams in unknown one-way-streets. In the evening we dined at a restaurant serving dishes that tourists regard as Bolivian such as quinoa soup and llama meat, while there was a show with traditional music and dances. Our experience was that llamas are not good eating. Meals we had on the trip were often boring, and nice-looking restaurants didn’t make it better than serving cafeteria style food.

August 25th
Up early and a long drive in darkness for Sorata Valley. A stench of diesel exhaust hang in the car, that was particularly bad here in the highlands either when we started or when we ascended. Roads in Bolivia were bad and dusty and we had to breathe the fine dust together with the exhaust. At daybreak we were on a narrow road in barren mountains covered with fog as Juvenal stopped and undertook a longer repair job under the car while we searched for whatever birds to be found in these barren surroundings.  It seemed to be the ruined brake that made trouble, and after the repair Juvenal drove remarkably slowly as if not trusting the brakes. The special bird of this place is Berlepsch’ Canastero that was described in 1991 and is restricted to this isolated  valley, a target that some found a little unworthy as the form may not even be a full species and the bird clings to edge habitats in the farmland of scrub and eucalyptus hedgerows as its natural habitat is long gone. We saw their stick-nests in the eucalyptus and the bird itself was readily found and easily seen. Then we drove for lake Titicaca through a landscape of many villages with flocks of Puna Ibis in the irrigation ditches. The lake is vast and you see headlands and islands out there but not the opposite shore. Ploughed fields and fallow land on the shore, a belt of dense rushes and the lake behind. The lake looked somewhat commonplace for a site that is so famed as a “must” on your journey itinerary. The Short-winged Grebe was easily found by the rushes where we had several birds, among them an adult with a young. There were other lakeshore birds present as well. We had trout for lunch in a little restaurant with a nice view of the lake and as there was not more birding to do we drove back towards La Paz.
August 26th
Having concentrated on the altiplano and the real highland birds, we now went down the slope again into the forest. We crossed the pass in fog and started in 3,000 meters altitude at a place called Cotapata where a trail led into the forest. In the bamboo stands we had a nice Plushcap. We followed the trail down a landslide with the same view of the forested hills whenever we passed the open and as if the same group of Scarlet-bellied Mountain-tanager coming back at each crossing. 

Having spent the morning without seeing much or coming across any bird  flocks we headed for the Cotopata Road. This section of road on the precipitous descend from temperate to lower subtropical zone has become famed among birders as one of the best sites for montane forest birdwatching in South America and it has even been compared with the road going down along the Manu National Park in Peru. Until recently the road was also notorious as the most dangerous road in the world. Recently however, the section from Chuspispata to Yolosa has been regulated as alternate one-way where you are allowed to descend from 8.00 to 15.00 and ascend from 17.00 to 5.00. Our plan was to descend as the downward traffic thinned out, stay on the road in the no-way slot birdwatching in peace, and the go up in the evening as the ascend was opened again. Such was the theory. However, the road had very heavy traffic with a continuous flow of huge trucks and tank lorries descending all day at short intervals without any thinning out towards the afternoon, vehicles continuing coming down well after scheduled gate closure as this is after all Bolivia and there was almost no peaceful interval between the downward and the upward traffic. The road was so narrow that a tank lorry occupied it’s entire width and we had to step aside on the edge of the precipice, and this stepping aside and traffic noise continuously drowning bird and tape-recorder sounds made the road an unpleasant birding experience. Furthermore, it was one of those days when you for no apparent reason don’t see a bird – well except for the fine pair of Solitary Eagles that soared together in some close-together display flight the upper bird stretching its talons out reaching for the lower. The scenery was dramatic. For long sections the road is on a shelf with the vertical rock wall raising hundreds of meters above to the right and with a free fall hundreds of meters down to the left. In one place we walked through a waterfall falling on the road along a hundred meters the drops being atomised in the fall. We descended too fast and arrived too early in lower subtropical around 1,700 meters altitude below the good forest and had to wait in the trash landscape until it was safe to ascend. The first section was still risky so we had Gunnar running to the next corner of the road and calling the car on the radio – Goyo-Goyo-Goyo – when the passage was free.

We drove in darkness along narrow roads with confrontations with oncoming traffic down towards El Castillo. We did expected some forest along the road to make a stop for Andean Potoo but the habitat was rather trashy and the spotlight burned out after a millisecond. The hotel, El Castillo, was dark and seemed uninhabited, and we all figured that they hadn’t received our reservations and we had to go all the way back to La Paz. However, it was just the electricity that was out (and with electricity the hot water) and we were installed in candlelight and dined in candlelight which gave the right atmosphere to the place that was created in the style of a medieval castle.

August 27th
Behind El Castillo was a trail going across a river by a suspension bridge and up in a small patch of forest. However the path was steep and the forest seemed a tiny patch surrounded by trash habitat and we lost interest early. The electricity hadn’t come back so we decided to quit El Castillo and take the last night in La Paz. The place looked quite nice but also had an atmosphere of having been run down in very short time.  Above the checkpoint at Pongo we easily found Scribble-tailed Canastero on a slope with rocks and developed bunchgrass. We tried the little trail by Cotopata by noon. Here we had a large flock of birds dominated by a group of Tree-striped Hemispingus, there was an Ochraceous-breasted Flycatcher with an unexpected flat posture, there were the white-crowned form of Light-crowned Spinetail acrobatically searching the branches. We played the tape of Andean Pigmy-owl to make the party stay in the area, and now a real Andean Pigmy-owl was responding. We went for it. First it flew rapidly through a couple of times and then it came in and sat close calling with quivering throat.  It seemed a quite new experience to have the binocular fields full of birds. A ram that was tied by the entrance to the trail got aggressive and butted Gunnar who thought it ought to be duly punished. In the afternoon we tried again for the Cotopata road, this time staying at the upper end around gate closure which up here gave some time where we had the road quiet.  Simon insisted that we should stay at the upper bend of the road where a bird party with interesting Hemispinguses always had been seen. We felt that we had spend too much time at that bend and continued further down. Here, we were called on the radio by Simon that he had found the party and watched the Hemispinguses and we had to take the car up towards the latecomers rushing down to get out in time with Simon telling on the radio what type of trucks were coming down and we waited at the sidings until they had passed. We arrived too late – the party was over. Driving up towards La Paz we stopped at the pass, La Cumbre, taking a sideroad into a barren area of slopes with gravel and bogs in the bottom in 4,600 meters altitude. This is the side for Rufous-bellied Seedsnipe, and the way to find some is making one person walk out in the area, which makes the well-camouflaged birds move so that you can see them.

August 28th									
Those of us who still wanted more birdwatching went for La Cumbre in the morning. A fine sunny morning in the high mountains where we searched the most rocky slopes in the vain hope to find a Short-tailed Finch. We drove on to a site in a broad valley with a stream at the bottom, where there were pens walled with stone fences and small stone cottages. The hill behind had a sparse cover of bushes and in the high-altitude grassland there were tiny cacti with red flowers. The cacti were visited by highland hummingbirds, Olivaceous Thornbill and Andean Hillstar, that settled on the ground to drink nectar from the flowers. Time didn’t allow for more. We started out for the long journey home.

List of Birds.

Information of status and threat is taken from N.J. Collar et al. “Birds to Watch 2".

Brown Tinamou (Crypturellus obsoletus).
1 heard Los Vulcanes, 2 heard Tablas Montes and 1 heard Chapare road around Miguelito.

Undulated Tinamou (Crypturellus undulatus).
2 heard Okinawa and 2 heard Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal.

Small-billed Tinamou (Crypturellus parvirostris).
1 Lomas de Arena.

Tataupa Tinamou (Crypturellus tataupa).
2 heard Los Vulcanes.

Red-winged Tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens).
6 Okinawa, 3 Lomas de Arena and 7 heard Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz).

Ornate Tinamou (Nothoprocta ornata).
4 Lauca N.P. 

White-bellied Nothura (Nothura boraquira).
5 Lomas de Arena and 2 Camiri road.

Puna Tinamou (Tinamotis pentlandii).
9 Lauca N.P. 

Greater Rhea (Rhea americana).
2 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 11 Hacienda Cutal.
Status: Near-threatened.

Puna Rhea (Pterocnemia tarapaccensis).
7 Sajama N.P. on the road from Lauca N.P. to La Paz.
Status: Near-threatened.
Note: Sometimes regarded as a subspecies of Lesser Rhea (P. pennata).

White-tufted Grebe (Rollandia rolland).
4 Lake Titicaca.

Short-winged Grebe (Rollandia microptera).
5 ad + 1 pull. Lake Titicaca.
Status: This species seems to have declined drastically in recent years and should probably be regarded as near-threatened (although it is not listed as such by Collar et. al.).
 
Least Grebe (Tachybaptus dominicus).
40 Laguna Vulcan.

Silvery Grebe (Podiceps occipitalis).
910 Lauca N.P.

Neotropic Cormorant (Phalacrocorax brasilianus).
1 Trinidad Airport, 4 Trinidad - Laguna Suarez, 5 Laguna Suarez road, 2 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 1 return, 2 Villa Tunari and 2 Lauca N.P.

Anhinga (Anhinga anhinga).
1 Hacienda Cutal - Trinidad.

Southern Screamer (Chauna torquata).
10 Laguna Suarez road, 21 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 10 return and 8 Hacienda Cutal.

White-faced Whistling-Duck (Dendrocygna viduata).
2 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 4 return.

Masked Duck (Nomonyx dominicus).
3%% 10&& Laguna Vulcan.

Andean Duck (Oxyura ferruginea).
1 Patacamaya - Lauca N.P., 10 Lauca N.P. and 6 Lake Titicaca.
Note: Sometimes regarded as a subspecies of Ruddy Duck (O. jamaicensis).

Andean Goose (Chloephaga melanoptera).
120 Lake Uru-uru, 4 Patacamaya - Lauca N.P., 100 Lauca N.P., 2 Lauca N.P. - La Paz and 4 La Cumbre.

Orinoco Goose (Neochen jubata).
2 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal.
Status: Near-threatened.

Brazilian TealAmazonetta brasiliensis
1 Lomas de Arena.

Torrent Duck (Merganetta armata).
2 Lauca N.P.

Yellow-billed Teal (Anas flavirostris).
250 Lake Uru-uru, 2 Patacamaya - Lauca N.P., 380 Lauca N.P. and 4 Titicaca - La PAZ.
Note: Sometimes the Yellow-billed Teal and the northern Andean Teal (A. andium) are regarded as conspecific (Speckled Teal, A. flavirostris).

Crested Duck (Anas specularioides).
150 Lake Uru-uru, 5 Patacamaya - Lauca N.P. and 4 return, 180 Lauca N.P. and 8 La Cumbre.

Yellow-billed Pintail (Anas georgica).
20 Lake Uru-uru.

Puna Teal (Anas puna).
1 Lake Uru-uru, 40 Patacamaya - Lauca N.P., 12 Lauca N.P., 4 Lake Titicaca and 4 La Cumbre.

Chilean Flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis).
30 Lauca N.P.

Andean Flamingo (Phoenicopterus andinus).
225 Lake Uru-uru.
Status: Vulnerable.

Puna Flamingo (Phoenicopterus jamesi).
25 Lake Uru-uru.
Status: Vulnerable.

Whistling Heron (Syrigma sibilatrix).
5 Okinawa, 2 Lomas de Arena, 3 Camiri road, 2 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz), 5 Laguna Suarez road, 4 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 2 Hacienda Cutal.

Snowy Egret (Egretta thula).
1 Okinawa, 1 Camiri road, 1 Trinidad - Laguna Suarez, 4 Laguna Suarez road, 7 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 3 return, 5 Hacienda Cutal and 1 Rio Mizque Valley.

Cocoi Heron (Ardea cocoi).
3 Okinawa, 10 Laguna Suarez road, 9 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 6 return, 3 Hacienda Cutal and 2 Trinidad - Santa Cruz.

Great Egret (Ardea alba).
3 Okinawa, 1 Camiri road, 21 Laguna Suarez road, 12 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 3 return and 5 Hacienda Cutal.

Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis).
94 Okinawa, 43 Laguna Suarez road, 5 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz), 1 Trinidad, 150 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 20 return, 20 Hacienda Cutal, 10 Samaipata - El Tambo, 50 El Tambo, 1 Villa Tunari and 7 Sorata Valley - Lake Titicaca.

Striated Heron (Butorides striatus).
3 Laguna Suarez road, 1 Hacienda Cutal and 1 Hacienda Cutal - Trinidad.

Black-crowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax).
10 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal, 10 Hacienda Cutal, 1 Lauca N.P. and 1 Lake Titicaca.

Fasciated Tiger-Heron (Tigrisoma fasciatum).
1 near the entrance to P.N. Carrasco and 1 imm. P.N. Carrasco.
Status: Near-threatened.

Rufescent Tiger-Heron (Tigrisoma lineatum).
15 Laguna Suarez road, 10 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 4 Hacienda Cutal.

Puna Ibis (Plegadis ridgwayi).
70 Lake Uru-uru, 30 Patacamaya - Lauca N.P. and 20 return, 5 Lauca N.P., 19 Sorata Valley - Lake Titicaca, 20 Lake Titicaca, 80 Titicaca - La Paz.

Plumbeous Ibis (Theristicus caerulescens).
4 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 9 Hacienda Cutal.

Buff-necked Ibis (Theristicus caudatus).
2 Lomas de Arena, 1 Laguna Suarez road, 8 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 4 Hacienda Cutal.

Green Ibis (Mesembrinibis cayennensis).
4 Laguna Suarez road, 5 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and Trinidad - Santa Cruz.

Roseate Spoonbill (Ajaia ajaja).
8 Laguna Suarez road, 8 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 1 return.

Wood Stork (Mycteria americana).
51 Laguna Suarez road, 2 Trinidad, 50 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 10 Hacienda Cutal.

Maguari Stork (Ciconia maguari).
1 Laguna Suarez road, 3 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal + 2 return.

Jabiru (Jabiru mycteria).
6 Laguna Suarez road, 20 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 8 Hacienda Cutal.

Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus).
Common in the lowlands. More than 425 birds were counted at Lomas de Arena.

Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura).
Common in the lowlands where we counted more than 115 birds. In the higher parts of the mountains we recorded 2 Coroico road and 1 Patacamaya - Chilean border.

Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture (Cathartes burrovianus).
3 Okinawa, 5 Laguna Suarez road, 10 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 10 Hacienda Cutal.

Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus).
1 Los Vulcanes, 3 Samaipata, 1 El Tambo, 5 Rio Mizque Valley, 1 Siberia - Comarapa, 21 (18 ad + 3 juv together) Quillacolla road, and 2 near the border between Bolivia and Chile.

King Vulture (Sarcoramphus papa).
1 Rio Mizque Valley.

Swallow-tailed Kite (Elanoides forficatus).
3 Santa Cruz - Los Vulcanes, 4 Chapare road, 8 P.N. Carrasco and 10 Chapare road around Miguelito.

Pearl Kite (Gampsonyx swainsonii).
1 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal.

White-tailed Kite (Elanus leucurus).
7 Okinawa, 2 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz) and 1 El Tambo.

Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis).
4 Okinawa, 1 Lomas de Arena, 13 Laguna Suarez road, 14 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 1 return and 5 Hacienda Cutal.

Plumbeous Kite (Ictinia plumbea).
8 P.N. Carrasco.

Cinereous Harrier (Circus cinereus).
1% Patacamaya - Lauca N.P. and 3 Lake Titicaca.

Semicollared Hawk (Accipiter semitorquatus).
1 Chapare road around Miguelito.
Note: This may well be the first record for Bolivia.

Plain-breasted Hawk (Accipiter ventralis).
1 Siberia, 1 Quillacolla road and 1 Coroico road.
Note: A recent split from Sharp-shinned Hawk (A. striatus).

Rufous-thighed Hawk (Accipiter erythronemius).
1 Lomas de Arena.
Note: A recent split from Sharp-shinned Hawk (A. striatus).

Bicolored Hawk (Accipiter bicolor).
2 Rio Mizque Valley.

Crane Hawk (Geranospiza caerulescens).
1 Laguna Suarez road, 1 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 1 Hacienda Cutal.

Great Black-Hawk (Buteogallus urubitinga).
1 Trinidad - Laguna Suarez road, 5 Laguna Suarez road, 8 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 1 return and 4 Hacienda Cutal.

Savanna Hawk (Buteogallus meridionalis).
5 Okinawa, 2 Trinidad, 1 Laguna Suarez road, 10 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 10 Hacienda Cutal.

Black-collared Hawk (Busarellus nigricollis).
9 Laguna Suarez road and 8 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal.

Black-chested Buzzard-eagle (Geranoaetus melanoleucus).
1 Quillacolla Road.

Solitary Eagle (Harpyhaliaetus solitarius).
2 ad. Coroico road.
Status: Near-threatened.

Roadside Hawk (Buteo magnirostris).
3 Okinawa, 6 Lomas de Arena, 1 Camiri road, 5 Laguna Suarez road, 5 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 1 return, 4 Hacienda Cutal, 1 Jardin Botánico Santa Cruz, 1 Los Vulcanes, 2 Rio Mizque Valley, 1 Tablas Montes, 1 Chapare road, 1 Chapare road around Miguelito and 1 Coroico road.

Short-tailed Hawk (Buteo brachyurus).
1 Los Vulcanes, 1 Rio Mizque Valley  and 1 Chapare road.

White-tailed Hawk (Buteo albicaudatus).
4 Hacienda Cutal.

Red-backed Hawk (Buteo polyosoma).
2 Siberia - Comarapa, 1 Puente Mendoza, 1 Quillacolla road, 1 Lake Titicaca and 1 Coroico road.

Puna Hawk (Buteo poecilochrous).
1 near the border between Bolivia and Chile.

Black-and-chestnut Eagle (Oroaetus isidori).
1 Chapare road around Miguelito.
Status: Near-threatened.

Crested Caracara (Polyborus plancus).
93 birds counted in the lower parts of the country.

Mountain Caracara (Phalcoboenus megalopterus).
57 birds counted in the higher parts of the country.

Yellow-headed Caracara (Milvago chimachima).
1 Okinawa, 2 Lomas de Arena, 2 Camiri road, 2 Laguna Suarez road, 2 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 2 Hacienda Cutal.

American Kestrel (Falco sparverius).
2 Okinawa, 3 Lomas de Arena, 1 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz), 1 Trinidad,  2 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal, 3 Hacienda Cutal, 2 Los Vulcanes, 2 Rio Mizque Valley, 1 Oruro - Patamaya, 2 Patamaya - La Paz, 1 Sorata Valley, 6 Sorata Valley - Lake Titicaca and 8 Lake Titicaca - La Paz.

Aplomado Falcon (Falco femoralis).
1 Lomas de Arena, 1 Rio Mizque Valley and 2 El Tambo.

Bat Falcon (Falco rufigularis).
1 Lomas de Arena and 1 Rio Mizque Valley.

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus).
1 Rio Mizque Valley and 1 Coroico road.

Chaco Chachalaca (Ortalis canicollis).
2 Lomas de Arena and 3 Hacienda Cutal.

Speckled Chachalaca (Ortalis guttata).
4 Hacienda Cutal.

Andean Guan (Penelope montagnii).
2 Siberia and 2 Coroico road.

Dusky-legged Guan (Penelope obscura).
5 Rio Mizque Valley.
Rufous-breasted Wood-Quail (Odontophorus speciosus).
8 Los Vulcanes.

Stripe-faced Wood-Quail (Odontophorus balliviani).
Flock heard Tablas Montes.

Gray-necked Wood-Rail (Aramides cajanea).
1 Okinawa, 1 Laguna Suarez road, 2 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal, 4 Trinidad - Santa Cruz, 2 Samaipata - El Tambo and 1 Chapare road.

Purple Gallinule (Porphyrula martinica).
1 Okinawa.

Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus).
30 Jardin Botánico Santa Cruz, 20 Laguna Volcan and  2 near Lake Titicaca.

Slate-colored Coot (Fulica ardesiaca).
10 Patacamaya - Lauca N.P., 5 Lauca N.P. and 2400 Lake Titicaca.

Giant Coot (Fulica gigantea).
6 Patacamaya - Lauca N.P. and 800 Lauca N.P.

Limpkin (Aramus guarauna).
5 Okinawa, 8 Laguna Suarez road, 40 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 15 return and 15 Hacienda Cutal.

Wattled Jacana (Jacana jacana).
4 Okinawa, 1 Lomas de Arena, 21 Laguna Suarez road, 20 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 5 return, 10 Hacienda Cutal, 5 Trinidad - Santa Cruz, 5 Jardin Botánico Santa Cruz and 10 Laguna Vulcan.

Puna Snipe (Gallinago andina).
7 Lauca N.P.

Greater Yellowlegs (Tringa melanoleuca).
2 Lomas de Arena, 20 Lake Uru-uru, 2 Sorata Valley - Lake Titicaca and 1 Lauca N.P.

Lesser Yellowlegs (Tringa flavipes).
6 Lake Uru-uru.

Solitary Sandpiper (Tringa solitaria).
1 Camiri road, 1 Trinidad, 1 Laguna Suarez road and 1 Hacianda Cutal.

Baird's Sandpiper (Calidris bairdii).
1275 Lake Uru-uru, 30 Lauca N.P. and 25 La Cumbre.

Wilson's Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor).
3 Lake Uru-uru and 2 Patacamaya - Lauca N.P.

Rufous-bellied Seedsnipe (Attagis gayi).
4 La Cumbre.

Gray-breasted Seedsnipe (Thinocorus orbignyianus).
10 Lauca N.P. and 14 La Cumbre.

Least Seedsnipe (Thinocorus rumicivorus).
2 Lake Uru-uru and 2 Lauca N.P. - Patacamaya.

Andean Avocet (Recurvirostra andina).
15 Lake Uru-uru, 5 Lauca N.P. and 1 Lauca N.P. - Patacamaya.

American Golden-Plover (Pluvialis dominica).
1 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz).

Collared Plover (Charadrius collaris).
1 Rio Mizque Valley.

Puna Plover (Charadrius alticola).
25 Lake Uru-uru and 20 Lauca N.P.

Diademed Sandpiper-Plover (Phegornis mitchellii).
2 Lauca N.P.
Status: Near-threatened.

Southern Lapwing (Vanellus chilensis).
2 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz), 25 Okinawa, 3 Lomas de Arena, 2 Camiri road, 3 Laguna Suarez Road, 4 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 4 Hacienda Cutal.

Andean Lapwing (Vanellus resplendens).
10 Quillacolla road, 25 Lake Uru-uru, 70 Oruro - Patacamaya, 10 Sorata Valley - Lake Titicaca, 30 Lake Titicaca and 14 Titicaca - La Paz.

Andean Gull (Larus serranus).
130 Lake Uru-uru, 35 Patacamaya - Lauca N.P., 60 Lauca N.P., 45 Sorata Valley - Lake Titicaca, 35 Lake Titicaca, and 10 La Cumbre.

Large-billed Tern (Phaetusa simplex).
2 Hacienda Cutal - Trinidad and 2 Machis Reserve.

Yellow-billed Tern (Sterna superciliaris).
4 Laguna Suarez road.

Picazuro Pigeon (Columba picazuro).
2 Okinawa, 2 Camiri road, 10 Laguna Suarez road, 10 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and Jardin Botánico Santa Cruz.

Spot-winged Pigeon (Columba maculosa).
10 Camiri road and 6 Lake Titicaca.

Band-tailed Pigeon (Columba fasciata).
1 heard Siberia, 5 Tablas Montes, 20 Chapare road around Miguelito, 10 Near Tables Montes, 5 Cotapata and 7 Coroico road.

Plumbeous Pigeon (Columba plumbea).
1 heard Los Vulcanes and 3 Chapare road around Miguelito.

Ruddy Pigeon (Columba subvinacea).
1 P.N. Carrasco.

Eared Dove (Zenaida auriculata).
480 Okinawa, 20 Lomas de Arena, 1 Camiri Road, 2 Hacienda Cutal - Trinidad, 10 El Tambo, 20 Tunal, 60 El Chunal - Puente Mendoza and 10 Cochabamba-Oruro.

Ruddy Ground-Dove (Columbina talpacoti).
5 Okinawa, 30 Laguna Suarez road, 20 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 10 Hacienda Cutal.

Picui Ground-Dove (Columbina picui).
105 Okinawa, 20 Lomas de Arena, 10 Camiri road, 34 Laguna Suarez road, 30 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal, 50 Jardin Botánico Santa Cruz, 20 Samaipata - El Tambo, 100 El Tambo, 50 Tunal and 10 Quillacolla road.

Bare-faced Ground-Dove (Metriopelia ceciliae).
1 Puente Mendoza, 5 Cochabamba-Oruro, 4 Putre and 2 Sorata Valley - Lake Titicaca.

Black-winged Ground-Dove (Metriopelia melanoptera).
60 Putre, 2 Lake Titicaca and 2 Titicaca- La Paz.

Golden-spotted Ground-Dove (Metriopelia aymara).
5 Lauca N.P. - Patacamaya.

White-tipped Dove (Leptotila verreauxi).
4 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz), 5 Laguna Suarez road, 6 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal, 6 Hacienda Cutal, 5 Los Vulcanes, 5 Samaipata and 2 Rio Mizque Valley.

White-faced (Large-tailed) Dove (Leptotila megalura).
8 Samaipata and 2 Coroico road.

Gray-fronted Dove (Leptotila rufaxilla).
1 heard P.N. Carrasca.

White-throated Quail-Dove (Geotrygon frenata).
1 heard Near Tables Montes and 1 heard Cotapata.

Ruddy Quail-Dove (Geotrygon montana).
3 Machis Reserve.

Blue-and-yellow Macaw (Ara ararauna).
13 Hacienda Cutal.

Blue-throated Macaw (Ara glaucogularis).
2 Hacienda Cutal.
Status: Endangered.

Military Macaw (Ara militaris).
3 Los Vulcanes.
Status: Vulnerable.

Red-and-green Macaw (Ara chloropterus).
3 Hacienda Cutal - Trinidad.

Red-fronted Macaw (Ara rubrogenys).
28 Tunal.
Status: Endangered.

Chestnut-fronted Macaw (Ara severa).
9 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 3 return, 3 Hacienda Cutal, 2 Villa Tunari.

Golden-collared Macaw (Ara auricollis).
17 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 4 Hacienda Cutal.

Blue-crowned Parakeet (Aratinga acuticaudata).
20 Camiri road, 11 Jardin Botánico Santa Cruz, 50 El Tambo and 23 Tunal.

Mitred Parakeet (Aratinga mitrata).
74 Los Vulcanes, 1326 Samaipata, 270 Samaipata - El Tambo and 50 Rio Mizque Valley.

White-eyed Parakeet (Aratinga leucophthalmus).
2 Laguna Suarez road and 2 Hacienda Cutal - Trinidad.

Dusky-headed Parakeet (Aratinga weddellii).
2 Okinawa, 63 Laguna Suarez road, 30 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal, 10 Hacienda Cutal, 15 Jardin Botánico Santa Cruz and 10 Villa Tunari.

Peach-fronted Parakeet (Aratinga aurea).
2 Lomas de Arena, 17 Camiri road, 20 Laguna Suarez road and 4 Hacienda Cutal.

Green-cheeked Parakeet (Pyrrhura molinae).
9 Okinawa, 50 Los Vulcanes, 15 Laguna Vulcan, 5 Samaipata, 6 Rio Mizque Valley, 4 Tablas Montes, 4 Coroico road and 6 El Castillo.

Monk Parakeet (Myiopsitta monachus luchsi).
100 Rio Mizque Valley.
Note: The subspecies luchsi is quite distinct and may well become a full species (“Cliff Parakeet”).

Gray-hooded Parakeet (Bolborhynchus aymara).
2 El Tambo, 2 El Chunal - Puente Mendoza, 4 Puente Mendoza and 45 Quillacolla road.

Blue-winged Parrotlet (Forpus xanthopterygius).
37 Lomas de Arena, 5 Laguna Suarez road, 8 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal, 6 Hacienda Cutal and 3 Machis Reserve.

Yellow-chevroned Parakeet (Brotogeris chiriri).
4 Okinawa, 5 Lomas de Arena, 10 Laguna Suarez road, 4 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 2 return, 2 Hacienda Cutal and 1 Jardin Botánico Santa Cruz.
Note: Sometimes regarded as a subspecies of Canary-winged Parakeer (B. versicolurus).

Black-winged Parrot (Hapalopsittaca melanotis).
3 Tablas Montes.

Blue-headed Parrot (Pionus menstruus).
2 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal, 70 Villa Tunari and 2 P.N. Carrasco.

Red-billed Parrot (Pionus sordidus).
8 Chapare road around Miguelito and 2 Near Tables Montes.

Scaly-headed Parrot (Pionus maximiliani).
4 Los Vulcanes and 14 Samaipata.

Plum-crowned Parrot (Pionus tumultuosus).
4 Near Tables Montes.

Blue-fronted Parrot (Amazona aestiva).
1 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz), 10 Los Vulcanes, 10 Los Vulcanes - Samaipata, 2 Samaipata - El Tambo, 2 El Tambo, 230 Samaipata and 2 Rio Mizque Valley.

Yellow-crowned Parrot (Amazona ochrocephala).
2 Hacienda Cutal.

Scaly-naped Parrot (Amazona mercenaria).
12 Tablas Montes and 5 Near Tables Montes.

Squirrel Cuckoo (Piaya cayana).
1 Laguna Suarez road, 3 Los Vulcanes and 4 Laguna Suarez road.

Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin).
2 Hacienda Cutal.

Smooth-billed Ani (Crotophaga ani).
20 Okinawa, 23 Lomas de Arena, 15 Camiri road, 30 Laguna Suarez road, 22 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 18 return, 10 Hacienda Cutal, 4 Los Vulcanes, 2 Samaipata and 2 Machis Reserve.

Guira Cuckoo (Guira guira).
15 Okinawa, 17 Lomas de Arena, 10 Camiri road, 5 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz), 21 Laguna Suarez road, 22 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal, 5 Hacienda Cutal and 1 Samaipata.

Striped Cuckoo (Tapera naevia).
2 Laguna Suarez road, 1 Hacienda Cutal and Jardin Botánico Santa Cruz.

Tropical Screech-Owl (Otus choliba).
1 heard Los Vulcanes.

Tawny-bellied Screech-Owl (Otus watsonii).                                 
1 heard Villa Tunari.

Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus).
1 Hacienda Cutal.

Black-banded Owl (Ciccaba hulula).
2 Los Vulcanes.							

Yungas Pygmy-Owl (Glaucidium bolivianum).
1 Cotapata and 1 heard Coroico road.
Note: A recent split from Andean Pygmy-Owl (G. jardinii).

Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl (Glaucidium brasilianum).
1 Hacienda Cutal, 2 heard Jardin Botánico Santa Cruz, 1 Samaipata and 1 Villa Tunari.

Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia).
11 Okinawa, 3 Lomas de Arena, 4 Camiri road, 3 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz), 1 Chuspipata-El Castillo and 2 Sorata Valley - Lake Titicaca.

Nacunda Nighthawk (Podager nacunda).
4 Okinawa, 1 Laguna Suarez road and 20 Hacienda Cutal.

Band-winged Nightjar (Caprimulgus longirostris).
1 Putre (EM).

Spot-tailed Nightjar (Caprimulgus maculicaudus).
1 heard Hacienda Cutal.

Little Nightjar (Caprimulgus parvulus).
1 heard Hacienda Cutal.

Scissor-tailed Nightjar (Hydropsalis brasiliana).
15 Hacienda Cutal.

Swallow-tailed Nightjar (Uropsalis segmentata).
1 % in the pass above Tablas Montes.

White-collared Swift (Streptoprocne zonaris).
175 Los Vulcanes - Samaipata, 1 Villa Tunari, 4 Near Tables Montes and 2 El Castillo.

White-tipped Swift (Aeronautes montivagus).
50 Los Vulcanes, 5 Siberia and 4 Coroico road.

Andean Swift (Aeronautes andecolus).
8 Siberia - Comarapa, 5 El Chunal - Puente Mendoza, 8 Puente Mendoza and 12 Patacamaya.

Planalto Hermit (Phaethornis pretrei).
1 Los Vulcanes.
Buff-bellied Hermit (Phaethornis subochraceus).
1 Los Vulcanes - Samaipata and 4 Samaipata.

Gray-breasted Sabrewing (Campylopterus largipennis).
1-2 Machis Reserve.

Swallow-tailed Hummingbird (Eupetomena macroura).
2 Laguna Suarez road, 3 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 1 Hacienda Cutal.

Green Violet-ear (Colibri thalassinus).
1 Tablas Montes and 5 Chapare road around Miguelito.

Sparkling Violet-ear (Colibri coruscans).
8 Quillacolla road and 1 Coroico road.

Black-throated Mango (Anthracothorax nigricollis).
2 Laguna Suarez road.

Glittering-bellied Emerald (Chlorostilbon aureoventris).
1 Los Vulcanes, 1 Los Vulcanes - Samaipata, 3 Samaipata, 6 El Tambo, 2 Rio Mizque Valley, 1 Tunal and 3 El Castillo.

Fork-tailed Woodnymph (halurania furcata).
6 Los Vulcanes, 2 Laguna Suarez road and 2 P.N. Carrasco.

Rufous-throated Sapphire (Hylocharis sapphirina).
1 Hacienda Cutal.

Gilded Sapphire (Hylocharis chrysura).
1 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz), 1 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal, 2 Hacienda Cutal and 1 Jardin Botánico Santa Cruz.

White-tailed GoldenthroatPolytmus guainumbi
3 Laguna Suarez road and 4 Hacienda Cutal.

White-bellied Hummingbird (Amazilia chionogaster).
15 El Tambo, 5 Rio Mizque Valley, 3 Tunal and 1 Tunal - El Tambo.

Glittering-throated Emerald (Amazilia fimbriata).
2 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal.

Andean Hillstar (Oreotrochilus estella).
2 Puente Mendoza, 1 Cochabamba - Oruru, 2 Putre, 1 Sorata Valley and 6 La Cumbre.

Wedge-tailed Hillstar (Oreotrochilus adela).
1 El Chunal - Puente Mendoza and 2 Quillacolla road.
Status: Near-threatened.

Giant Hummingbird (Patagona gigas).
1 El Chunal, 1 El Chunal - Puente Mendoza, 1 Puente Mendoza, 4 Quillacolla road, 1 Cochabamba-Oruro, 1 Putre and 4 La Cumbre.

Black-hooded Sunbeam (Aglaeactis pamela).
4 El Chunal.

Great Sapphirewing (Pterophanes cyanopterus).
2 Cotapata - Coroico road.

Collared Inca (Coeligena torquata).
3 Coroico road and 1 El Castillo.

Violet-throated Starfrontlet (Coeligena violifer).
2 Siberia, 2 Tablas Montes, 1 Coroico Road and 1 Cotapata.

Amethyst-throated Sunangel (Heliangelus amethysticollis).
2 Tablas Montes, 2 Cotapata and 3 Coroico road.

Red-tailed Comet (Sappho sparganura).
2 Tunal - El Tambo, 2 El Chunal - Puente Mendoza, 2 Puente Mendoza, 1 Puente Mendoza - Cochabamba and 2 Quillacolla road.

Scaled Metaltail (Metallura aeneocauda).
1 Tablas Montes and 1 Coroico road.

Tyrian Metaltail (Metallura tyrianthina).
2 El Chunal, 10 Tablas Montes, 5 Cotapata and 2 Coroico road.

Olivaceous Thornbill (Chalcostigma olivaceum).
5 La Cumbre.

Long-tailed Sylph (Aglaiocercus kingi).
1 Coroico road.

White-bellied Woodstar (Acestrura mulsant).
1 El Castillo.

Crested Quetzal (Pharomachrus antisianus).
4 Chapare road around Miguelito.

Black-tailed Trogon (Trogon melanurus).
2 Machis Reserve.

Collared Trogon (Trogon collaris).
2 Machis Reserve.

Masked Trogon (Trogon personatus).
2 heard Tablas Montes, 1 heard Cotapata and 1 El Castillo.

Blue-crowned Trogon (Trogon curucui).
1 Hacienda Cutal, 2 Los Vulcanes and 1 P.N. Carrasco.

Ringed Kingfisher (Ceryle torquata).
2 Laguna Suarez road, 2 Hacienda Cutal - Trinidad and 2 Villa Tunari.

Amazon Kingfisher (Chloroceryle amazona).
4 Laguna Suarez road, 2 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 2 Villa Tunari.

Green Kingfisher (Chloroceryle americana).
3 Laguna Suarez road.

Rufous-tailed Jacamar (Galbula ruficauda).
20 Laguna Suarez road, 2 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 6 Hacienda Cutal.

Spot-backed Puffbird (Nystalus maculatus).
2 Lomas de Arena and 2 Rio Mizque Valley.

Blue-banded Toucanet (Aulacorhynchus coeruleicinc).
1 Tablas Montes, 2 Chapare road around Miguelito, 1 Coroico road and 2 El Castillo.

Chestnut-eared Aracari (Pteroglossus El Castillotanotis).
1 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz), 4 Laguna Suarez road and 2 Samaipata (TA).

Hooded Mountain-Toucan (Andigena cucullata).
1 heard Cotapata (SP).
Status: Near-threatened.

Yellow-ridged Toucan (Ramphastos culminatus).
3 Los Vulcanes.

Curvier’s Toucan (Ramphastos cuvieri).
5 P.N. Carrasco.

Toco Toucan (Ramphastos toco).
6 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 1 return, and 2 Hacienda Cutal.

Ocellated Piculet (Picumnus dorbygnianus).
2 Los Vulcanes and 1 Laguna Suarez road.

White-wedged Piculet (Picumnus albosquamatus).
2 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz), 4 Laguna Suarez road and 1 Hacienda Cutal.

White Woodpecker (Melanerpes candidus).
5 Lomas de Arena, 1 Laguna Suarez road and 1 Hacienda Cutal - Trinidad.

Yellow-tufted Woodpecker (Melanerpes cruentatus).
1 Lomas de Arena, 1 Jardin Botánico Santa Cruz and 3 Villa Tunari.

White-fronted Woodpecker (Melanerpes cactorum).
20 El Tambo, 1 El Tambo - Rio Mizque Valley, 8 Rio Mizque Valley and 1 Tunal - El Tambo.

Bar-bellied Woodpecker (Veniliornis nigriceps).
2 Tablas Montes.

Little Woodpecker (Veniliornis passerinus).
1 Lomas de Arena, 1 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz), 2 Villa Tunari and 1 Machis Reserve.

Golden-olive Woodpecker (Piculus rubiginosus).
2 Los Vulcanes.

Crimson-mantled Woodpecker (Piculus rivolii).
1 Chapare road around Miguelito and 1 Coroico road.

Green-barred Woodpecker (Colaptes melanochloros).
1 Laguna Surarez road, 2 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal (subspecies natterei) and 4 Puente Mendoza (subspecies melanolaimus).
Note: Sometimes regarded as two species: Green-barred Woodpecker (C. melanochloros) inhabiting tropical woodland and savanna (such as around Trinidad) and Golden-breasted Woodpecker (C. melanolaimus) inhabiting pampas, chaco and dry upland valleys (such as Puente Mendoza).

Andean Flicker (Colaptes rupicola).
4 Patacamaya, 10 Lauca N.P. and 3 Lake Titicaca.

Campo Flicker (Colaptes campestris).
2 Lomas de Arena, 5 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 6 Hacienda Cutal.

Pale-crested Woodpecker (Celeus lugubris).
2 Hacienda Cutal.

Lineated Woodpecker (Dryocopus lineatus).
1 Laguna Suarez road.

Red-necked Woodpecker (Campephilus rubricollis).
3-4 Los Vulcanes.

Crimson-crested Woodpecker (Campephilus melanoleucos).
2 Hacienda Cutal and 1 Villa Tunari.

Cream-backed Woodpecker (Campephilus leucopogon).
1 Lomas de Arena and 2 El Tambo.

Olivaceous Woodcreeper (Sittasomus griseicapillus).
2 Jardin Botánico Santa Cruz, 5 Los Vulcanes and 2 Laguna Suarez road.

Strong-billed Woodcreeper (Xiphocolaptes promeropirhy).
1 Tablas Montes and 1 Chapare road around Miguelito.

Great Rufous Woodcreeper (Xiphocolaptes major).
4 Hacienda Cutal.
Black-banded Woodcreeper (Dendrocolaptes picumnus).
3 Los Vulcanes.

Straight-billed Woodcreeper (Xiphorhynchus picus).
1 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz).

Ocellated Woodcreeper (Xiphorhynchus ocellatus).
3 Los Vulcanes

Spix's Woodcreeper (Xiphorhynchus spixii).
3 P.N. Carrasco and 1 Machis Reserve.

Buff-throated Woodcreeper (Xiphorhynchus guttatus).
1 heard Jardin Botánico Santa Cruz.

Narrow-billed Woodcreeper (Lepidocolaptes angustirostri).
1 Lomas de Arena, 1 Laguna Suarez Road, 1 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal, 1 Laguna Suarez road and 2 El Tambo.

Montane Woodcreeper (Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger).
1 Siberia and 3 Chapare road around Miguelito.
Note: A recent split from Spot-crowned Woodcreeper (L. affinis).

Red-billed Scythebill (Campylorhamphus trochiliro).
2 Laguna Suarez road, 5 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 3 Hacienda Cutal.

Common Miner (Geositta cunicularia).
2 Sorata Valley (JM & EM).

Rufous-banded Miner (Geositta rufipennis).
1 heard Patacamaya (JM).

Puna Miner (Geositta punensis).
7 Lauca N.P.

Slender-billed Miner (Geositta tenuirostris).
5 Sorata Valley.

Straight-billed Earthcreeper (Upucerthia ruficauda).
7 Putre.

Rock Earthcreeper (Upucerthia andaecola).
1 El Chunal and 3 Puente Mendoza.

White-throated Earthcreeper (Upucerthia albigula).
3 Putre.

Plain-breasted Earthcreeper (Upucerthia jelskii).
1 Lauca N.P. (MK).

Bolivian Earthcreeper (Ochetorhynchus harterti).
3 El Tambo and 1 Tunal - El Tambo.
Status: Near-threatened.

Bar-winged Cinclodes (Cinclodes fuscus).
1 Puente Mendoza, 5 Quillacolla road, 12 Lauca N.P., 10 Putre, 20 Sorata Valley, 2 Pongo and 9 La Cumbre.

White-winged Cinclodes (Cinclodes atacamensis).
8 Lauca N.P. and 2 Putre.

Rufous Hornero (Furnarius rufus).
20 Okinawa, 10 Lomas de Arena, 30 Laguna Suarez road, 15 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 6 return, 10 Hacienda Cutal, 4 El Tambo and 1 Quillacolla road.

Brown-capped Tit-Spinetail (Leptasthenura fuliginiceps).
3 El Chunal, 1 El Tunal - Puente Mendoza, 2 Quillacolla road and 2 Sorata Valley.

Tawny Tit-Spinetail (Leptasthenura yanacensis).
4 Quillacolla road.
Status: Near-threatened.

Streak-backed Tit-Spinetail (Leptasthenura striata).
4 Lauca N.P. and 10 Putre.
Note: Also called Streaked Tit-Spinetail.

Black-throated Thistletail (Schizoeaca harterti).
6 Siberia, 1 El Chunal and 1 Cotapata.

Chotoy Spinetail (Schoeniophylax phryganophi).
1 Okinawa, 1 Laguna Suarez road, 8 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and Hacienda Cutal.

Sooty-fronted Spinetail (Synallaxis frontalis).
2 Lomas de Arena and 1 Laguna Suarez road.

Azara's Spinetail (Synallaxis azarae).
4 heard Chapare road around Miguelito and 2 El Castillo.

Pale-breasted Spinetail (Synallaxis albescens).
1 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal.

Plain-crowned Spinetail (Synallaxis gujanensis).
1 Hacienda Cutal - Trinidad and 1 Jardin Botánico Santa Cruz. 
Note: The east Bolivian population is apparently intermediate between S. gujanensis and S. albilora (White-lored Spinetail), looking mostly like the former but sounding like the latter. The American tour company FieldGuides lists the Trinidad/Santa Cruz birds as  S. albilora. An alternative interpretation could be to regard this intermediate population as evidence that S. gujanensis and S. albilora are in fact conspecific.

Ochre-cheeked Spinetail (Synallaxis scutata).
1 Los Vulcanes, 1 Samaipata and 2 Laguna Suarez road.
Stripe-crowned Spinetail (Cranioleuca pyrrhophia).
2 El Tambo, 1 Tunal and 3 El Chunal.

Light-crowned Spinetail (Cranioleuca albiceps).
8 Siberia, 5 El Chunal and  2 Cotapata.
Note: We saw both races, buff-crowned at Siberia and El Chunal and white-crowned at Cotapata.

Yellow-chinned Spinetail (Certhiaxis cinnamomea).
1 Okinawa, 10 Laguna Suarez road og 6 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal.

Iquico Canastero (Asthenes heterura).
3 Quillacolla road.
Note: Also known as Maquis Canastero.

Cordilleran Canastero (Asthenes modesta).
2 Quillacolla road, 6 Lauca N.P., 5 Putre and 1 W of La Cumbre.

Rusty-vented Canastero (Asthenes dorbignyi).
5 Puente Mendoza, 1 Puente Mendoza - Cochabamba and 1 Quillacolla road.
Note: Formerly regarded as conspecific with Dark-winged Canastero under the name of Creamy-breasted Canastero.

Dark-winged Canastero (Asthenes arequipae).
4 Putre.
Note: See Rusty-vented Canastero.

Berlepsch's Canastero (Asthenes berlepschi).
2 Sorata Valley.
Status: Vulnerable according to Collar et. al. However, the species seems to adapt well to human expansion, nesting in introduced eucalyptus trees and feeding in scrubs among agricultural fields.

Streak-throated Canastero (Asthenes humilis).
4 La Cumbre.

Scribble-tailed Canastero (Asthenes maculicauda).
1 Pongo.

Common Thornbird (Phacellodomus rufifrons).
3 Lomas de Arena, 1 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz) and 1 Laguna Suarez.

Streak-fronted Thornbird (Phacellodomus striaticeps).
5 El Chunal, 1 El Chunal - Puente Mendoza and 5 Quillacolla road.

Greater Thornbird (Phacellodomus ruber).
1 Lomas de Arena, 20 Laguna Suarez road, 8 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 2 return and 4 Hacienda Cutal.

Wren-like Rushbird (Phleocryptes melanops).
10 Lake Titicaca.

Pearled Treerunner (Margarornis squamiger).
5 Siberia, 2 Tablas Montes and 1 Coroico road.

Rufous Cacholote (Pseudoseisura cristata).
7 Laguna Suarez road, 10 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 4 Hacienda Cutal.

Streaked Tuftedcheek (Pseudocolaptes boissonneaut).
1 near Tables Montes.

Montane Foliage-gleaner (Anabacerthia striaticollis).
1 Chapare road around Miguelito.

Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner (Philydor rufus).
5 Los Vulcanes and 1 Samaipata.

Buff-throated Foliage-gleaner (Automolus ochrolaemus).
3 P.N. Carrasco and 1 Machis Reserve.

Gray-throated Leaftosser (Sclerurus albigularis).
2 Los Vulcanes.

Streaked Xenops (Xenops rutilans).
7 Los Vulcanes.

Giant Antshrike (Batara cinerea).
2 Samaipata.

Great Antshrike (Taraba major).
1 Laguna Suarez road, 2 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal, 4 Hacienda Cutal, 1 Jardin Botánico Santa Cruz and 1 P.N. Carrasco.

Barred Antshrike (Thamnophilus doliatus).
1 Lomas de Arena, 7 Laguna Suarez road and 1 Jardin Botánico Santa Cruz.

Chestnut-backed Antshrike (Thamnophilus palliatus).
2 Los Vulcanes - Samaipata and 3 Samaipata.

Upland Antshrike (Thamnophilus aroyae).
1 P.N. Carrasco.

Eastern Slaty Antshrike (Thamnophilus punctatus).
1 Los Vulcanes.
Note: This species will probably be split into several species in the near future.

Variable Antshrike (Thamnophilus caerulescens).
8 Samaipata and 1 Siberia.

Rufous-capped Antshrike (Thamnophilus ruficapillus cochabambae).
2 Samaipata.
Note: A highly variable species. See discussion in Ridgeley and Tudor: The Birds of South America, vol 2.
Plain Antvireo (Dysithamnus mentalis).
8 Los Vulcanes.

Black-capped Antwren (Herpsilochmus atricapillus).
3 Los Vulcanes and 2 Samaipata.

Mato Grosso Antbird (Cercomacra melanaria).
2 Laguna Suarez road and 1 Jardin Botánico Santa Cruz.

White-backed Fire-eye (Pyriglena leuconota).
3 Los Vulcanes and 3 Samaipata.

White-browed Antbird (Myrmoborus leucophrys).
1 heard Machis Reserve.

Chestnut-tailed Antbird (Myrmeciza hemimelaena).
2 heard P.N. Carrasco entrance, 11 P.N. Carrasco and 1 Machis Reserve.

Black-throated Antbird (Myrmeciza atrothorax).
1 heard Hacienda Cutal.

Black-faced Antthrush (Formicarius analis).
2 heard P.N. Carrasco.

Short-tailed Antthrush (Chamaeza campanisona).
5 Los Vulcanes.

Barred Antthrush (Chamaeza mollissima).
2 heard Tablas Montes.

White-throated Antpitta (Grallaria albigula).
3 Chapare road around Miguelito.

Rufous Antpitta (Grallaria rufula).
5 heard Siberia and 2 heard Cotapata.

Rufous-faced Antpitta (Grallaria erythrotis).
3 heard Siberia, 4 heard Tablas Montes, 2 Near Tables Montes (1 seen very well) and 3 heard Coroico road.

Slaty Gnateater (Conopophaga ardesiaca).
2 Los Vulcanes.

Olive-crowned Crescent-chest (Melanopareia maximiliani).
4 heard Samaipata, 1 heard Siberia - Comarapa and 2 heard Quillacolla road.

Unicolored Tapaculo (Scytalopus unicolor parvirostris).
3 heard Siberia, 3 Tablas Montes and 1 heard Coroico road.
Note: The taxonomy of the Unicolored Tapaculo complex is still unclear; at least two species are probably involved: Blackish Tapaculo, S. latrans, and Unicolored Tapaculo, S. unicolor, to which parvirostris belongs..

Southern White-crowned Tapaculo (Scytalopus bolivianus).
2 Los Vulcanes and 2 El Castillo.
Note: White-crowned Tapaculo, S. bolivianus, has recently been split in two species: Southern White-crowned Tapaculo, S. bolivianus,and Northern White-crowned Tapaculo, S.atratus.

Andean Tapaculo (Scytalopus griseicollis).
1 heard El Chunal - Puente Mendoza and 1 La Cumbre.
Note: The taxonomy of the Andean Tapaculo complex is still unclear; several species are probably involved.

Diademed Tapaculo (Scytalopus schulenbergi).
5 Cotapata and 5 heard Coroico road.
Note: This is a recently described species

Red-crested Cotinga (Ampelion rubrocristata).
4 El Chunal, 6 Tablas Montes and 1 Quillacolla road.

Chestnut-crested Cotinga (Ampelion rufaxilla).
2 Tablas Montes.

White-tipped Plantcutter (Phytotoma rutila).
6 El Tambo.

Band-tailed Fruiteater (Pipreola intermedia).
2 heard Tablas Montes.

Barred Fruiteater (Pipreola arcuata).
Pair with youngs +1 Near Tables Montes, 2 Cotapata and 2 Coroico road.

Screaming Piha (Lipaugus vociferans).
1 Villa Tunari.

Amazonian Umbrellabird (Cephalopterus ornatus).
3 P.N. Carrasco.

Andean Cock-of-the-rock (Rupicola peruviana).
4 P.N. Carrasco.

Yungas Manakin (Chiroxiphia boliviana).
5 heard Coroico road.

Streak-necked Flycatcher (Mionectes striaticollis).
3 El Castillo.

Sepia-capped Flycatcher (Leptopogon amaurocephalus).
1 Samaipata.

Slaty-capped Flycatcher (Leptopogon superciliaris).
1 P.N. Carrasco and 1 Chapare road around Miguelito.
Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant (Hemitriccus margaritaceiven).
1 Lomas de Arena, 2 Los Vulcanes - Samaipata, 5 Samaipata, 1 Samaipata - El Tambo, 1 El Tambo, 1 Rio Mizque Valley and 1 Coroico road.

Ochre-faced Tody-Flycatcher (Todirostrum plumbeiceps).
3 Chapare road around Miguelito.

Rusty-fronted Tody-Flycatcher (Todirostrum latirostre).
1 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal.

Common Tody-Flycatcher (Todirostrum cinereum).
5 Laguna Suarez road, 2 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 2 Hacienda Cutal.

Rough-legged Tyrannulet (Phyllomyias burmeisteri).
1 P.N. Carrasco.

Sclater's Tyrannulet (Phyllomyias sclateri).
1 Los Vulcanes and 3 Samaipata.

Tawny-rumped Tyrannulet (Phyllomyias uropygialis).
1 Siberia.

Bolivian Tyrannulet (Zimmerius bolivianus).
3 Tablas Montes and 1 Coroico Road.

Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet (Camptostoma obsoletum).
1 Lomas de Arena, 1 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz) and 1 Comarapa.

Mouse-colored Tyrannulet (Phaeomyias murina).
1 El Tambo .

Southern Scrub-Flycatcher (Sublegatus modestus).
2 Laguna Suarez road.

Suiriri Flycatcher (Suiriri suiriri).
4 Lomas de Arena and 1 Rio Mizque Valley.

Yellow-bellied Elaenia (Elaenia flavogaster).
1 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz) and 2 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal.

White-crested Elaenia (Elaenia albiceps).
1 El Chunal, 1 Near Tablas Montes and 2 Tablas Montes.

Mottle-backed Elaenia (Elaenia gigas).
1 Villa Tunari.

Lesser Elaenia (Elaenia chiriquensis).
2 Coroico road.

Sierran Elaenia (Elaenia pallatangae).
5 Tablas Montes and 1 El Chunal.

White-throated Tyrannulet (Mecocerculus leucophrys).
10 Siberia, 5 El Chunal, 1 El Castillo and 2 Cotapata.

Buff-banded Tyrannulet (Mecocerculus hellmayri).
1 Coroico road.

White-bellied Tyrannulet (Serpophaga munda).
1 Okinawa, 2 Samaipata, 2 El Tambo and 1 Tunal.

Plain Tyrannulet (Inezia inornata).
3 Laguna Suarez road and 2 Hacienda Cutal.

Greater Wagtail-Tyrant (Stigmatura budytoides).
7 El Tambo, 4 Rio Mizque Valley, 2 Tunal and 1 El Chunal - Puenta Mendoza.

Yellow-billed Tit-Tyrant (Anairetes flavirostris).
1 El Chunal, 2 El Chunal - Puente Mendoza, 1 Puente Mendoza and 2 Quillacolla road.

Tufted Tit-Tyrant (Anairetes parulus).
1 Siberia - Comarapa, 1 Puente Mendoza, 1 Puente Mendoza - Cochabamba, 4 Quillacolla road, 1 Cochabamba-Oruro and 2 Cotapata.

Many-colored Rush-Tyrant (Tachuris rubrigastra).
4 Lake Titicaca.

Marble-faced Bristle-Tyrant (Phylloscartes ophthalmicus).
2 Los Vulcanes and 1 P.N. Carrasca.

Mottle-cheeked Tyrannulet (Phylloscartes ventralis).
4 Los Vulcanes.

White-bellied Pygmy-Tyrant (Myiornis albiventris).
1 Los Vulcanes, 1 P.N. Carrasco and 1 El Castillo.
Status: Near-threatened.

Yellow-olive Flycatcher (Tolmomyias sulphurescens).
1 Los Vulcanes and P.N. Carrasco.

Ochraceous-breasted Flycatcher (Myiophobus ochraceiventris).
2 Cotapata.

Bran-colored Flycatcher (Myiophobus fasciatus).
1 Okinawa, 1 Lomas de Arena, 1 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz), 4 Laguna Suarez road, 1 Hacienda Cutal and 1 Machis Reserve.

Cinnamon Flycatcher (Pyrrhomyias cinnamomea).
1 Near Tables Montes, 3 Coroico road, 3 El Castillo and 1 Cotapata.

Cliff Flycatcher (Hirundinea ferruginea).
3 El Tambo, 2 Rio Mizque Valley, 2 Tunal , 1 Coroico road and 1 El Cumbre.

Smoke-colored Pewee (Contopus fumigatus).
1 heard Coroico road.

Black Phoebe (Sayornis nigricans).
2 Los Vulcanes, 1 Villa Tunari, 1 P.N. Carrasco and 1 El Castillo.

Vermilion Flycatcher (Pyrocephalus rubinus).
2 Okinawa, 2 Lomas de Arena, 2 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz), 20 Laguna Suarez road, 30 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal, 1 Hacienda Cutal and 1 El Tambo.

Crowned Chat-Tyrant (Silvicultrix frontalis).
1 Tablas Montes and 2 Coroico road.

Rufous-breasted Chat-Tyrant (Ochthoeca rufipectoralis).
6 Siberia, 1 El Chunal, 9 Tablas Montes, 2 Near Tables Montes and 2 Coroico road.

D'Orbigny's Chat-Tyrant (Ochthoeca oenanthoides).
1 Puente Mendoza

White-browed Chat-Tyrant (Ochthoeca leucophrys).
1 El Chunal, 2 Puente Mendoza, 2 Puente Mendoza - Cochabamba and 1 Quillacolla road.

Streak-throated Bush-Tyrant (Myiotheretes striaticollis).
1 Puente Mendoza and 1 Quillacolla road.

Rufous-bellied Bush-Tyrant (Myiotheretes fuscorufus).
1 Tablas Montes and 1 near Tables Montes.
Status: Near-threatened.

Gray Monjita (Xolmis cinerea).
5 Hacienda Cutal and 2 Hacienda Cutal - Trinidad.

White-rumped Monjita (Xolmis velata).
2 Camiri road, 1 Laguna Suarez road, 10 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 3 return and 5 Hacienda Cutal.

White Monjita (Xolmis irupero).
8 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 2 Hacienda Cutal.

Black-billed Shrike-Tyrant (Agriornis montana).
1 Quillacolla Road and 1 Lauca N.P.

Lesser Shrike-Tyrant (Agriornis murina).
1 Lomas de Arena.

Rufous-webbed Tyrant (Polioxolmis rufipennis).
2 El Chunal and 4 Puente Mendoza.

Spot-billed Ground-Tyrant (Muscisaxicola maculirostris).
20 Putre, 1 Sorata Valley and 1 Lake Titicaca.

Little Ground-Tyrant (Muscisaxicola fluviatilis).
1 Villa Tunari.

Rufous-naped Ground-Tyrant (Muscisaxicola rufivertex).
1 Sorata Valley.

Puna Ground-Tyrant (Muscisaxicola juninensis).
1 Lake Uru-uru and 2 Lauca N.P.

White-browed Ground-Tyrant (Muscisaxicola albilora).
2 Sorata Valley and 2 La Cumbre.

Plain-capped Ground-Tyrant (Muscisaxicola alpina).
2 La Cumbre.

Cinereous Ground-Tyrant (Muscisaxicola cinerea).
1 Patacamaya and 3 Lauca N.P.

White-fronted Ground-Tyrant (Muscisaxicola albifrons).
40 Lauca N.P. and 2 La Cumbre.

Ochre-naped Ground-Tyrant (Muscisaxicola flavinucha).
1 Quillacolla road.

Andean Negrito (Lessonia oreas).
1 Lake Uru-uru, 1 Patacamaya - Lauca N.P. and 2 Lauca N.P.

Hudson's Black-Tyrant (Knipolegus hudsoni).
1 Okinawa, 1 Camiri road, 15 Laguna Suarez road, 5 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 2 Hacienda Cutal.
Status: Near-threatened.

White-winged Black-Tyrant (Knipolegus aterrimus).
1 El Tambo, 6  El Chunal, 10 El Chunal - Puente Mendoza, 3 Quillacolla road and 2 Sorata Valley.

Spectacled Tyrant (Hymenops perspicillatus).
1 Okinawa and 1 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal (TA).

Black-backed Water-Tyrant (Fluvicola albiventer).
2 Okinawa and 10 Laguna Suarez road.

White-headed Marsh-Tyrant (Arundinicola leucocephala).
2 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal.

Yellow-browed Tyrant (Satrapa icterophrys).
1 Lomas de Arena, 10 Laguna Suarez road, 2 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal, 2 Hacienda Cutal, 2 Samaipata, 1 Puente Mendoza, 1 Machis Reserve (TA) and 1 Quillacolla road.

Long-tailed Tyrant (Colonia colonus).
2 Villa Tunari.

Cattle Tyrant (Machetornis rixosus).
2 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz), 7 Okinawa, 4 Lomas de Arena, 5 Laguna Suarez road, 5 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 4 Hacienda Cutal.

Rufous Casiornis (Casiornis rufa).
1 Los Vulcanes and 3 Samaipata.

Swainson's Flycatcher (Myiarchus swainsoni).
2 Hacienda Cutal.

Short-crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus ferox).
3 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz), 1 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal, 1 Hacienda Cutal and 2 Villa Tunari.

Pale-edged Flycatcher (Myiarchus cephalotes).
4 Samaipata.

Brown-crested Flycatcher (Myiarchus tyrannulus).
2 Lomas de Arena, 2 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz) and 2 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal.

Tropical Kingbird (Tyrannus melancholicus).
Uncommon in the lower parts of the country. 72 birds are counted.

Fork-tailed Flycatcher (Tyrannus savana).
1 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal.

Boat-billed Flycatcher (Megarynchus pitangua).
1 Laguna Suarez road, 1 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal, 1 Jardin Botánico Santa Cruz, 1 Villa Tunari and 1 Machis Reserve.

Golden-crowned Flycatcher (Myiodynastes chrysocephalu).
1 Los Vulcanes.

Streaked Flycatcher (Myiodynastes maculatus).
1 Villa Tunari and 1 P.N. Carrasco.

Rusty-margined Flycatcher (Myiozetetes cayanensis).
10 Laguna Suarez road, 4 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 2 Hacienda Cutal.

Social Flycatcher (Myiozetetes similis).
2 Lomas de Arena, 4 Laguna Suarez road, 4 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal, 2 Hacienda Cutal, 2 Villa Tunari and 1 Machis Reserve.

Great Kiskadee (Pitangus sulphuratus).
5 Okinawa, 8 Lomas de Arena, 2 Camiri road, 1 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz),  abundant in Trinidad area, 1 Samaipata, 4 El Tambo, 2 Tablas Montes, 1 Villa Tunari and 1 Machis Reserve.

Green-backed Becard (Pachyramphus viridis).
1 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 1 Samaipata.

Barred Becard (Pachyramphus versicolor).
1 Cotapata.

Masked Tityra (Tityra semifasciata).
1 Villa Tunari, 1 P.N. Carrasco and 1 Chapare road around Miguelito.

Purplish Jay (Cyanocorax cyanomelas).
2 Okinawa, 2 Lomas de Arena, 5 Camiri road, 4 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz), 2 Laguna Suarez Road, 2 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal, 2 Hacienda Cutal, 2 Jardin Botánico Santa Cruz, 3 Los Vulcanes, 2 Los Vulcanes - Samaipata, 8 Samaipata and 6 Villa Tunari, 1 P.N. Currasco, 4 Chapare road around Miguelito and 2 El Castillo.

Plush-crested Jay (Cyanocorax chrysops).
6 Los Vulcanes and 5 Samaipata.

Green Jay (Cyanocorax yncas).
2 Chapare road around Miguelito.

Rufous-browed Peppershrike (Cyclarhis gujanensis).
1 Lomas de Arena, 6 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal, 2 Hacienda Cutal, 1 Samaipata and 1 El Tambo.

Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus).
1 Samaipata, 1 P.N. Carrasco and 4 Machis Reserve.

Brown-capped Vireo (Vireo leucophrys).
1 Coroico road.

Tawny-crowned Greenlet (Hylophilus ochraceiceps).
1 Machis Reserve.

White-capped Dipper (Cinclus leucocephalus).
1 El Castillo.

Andean Solitaire (Myadestes ralloides).
1 heard Chapare road around Miguelito and 4 El Castillo.

White-eared Solitaire (Entomodestes leucotis).
1 Tablas Montes, 1 heard Chapare road around Miguelito, 2 Near Tables Montes and 1 Coroico road.

Chiguanco Thrush (Turdus chiguanco).
2 El Tambo, 3 El Chunal, 10 El Chunal - Puente Mendoza, 4 Puente Mendoza, 3 Quillacolla Road and 2 Sorata Valley.

Great Thrush (Turdus fuscater).
4 Tablas Montes, 4 Near Tables Montes and 4 Cotapata.

Glossy-black Thrush (Turdus serranus).
6 Tablas Montes, 2 Chapare road around Miguelito and 5 Near Tables Montes.

Andean Slaty-Thrush (Turdus nigriceps).
5 Los Vulcanes and 3 P.N. Carrasco.

Rufous-bellied Thrush (Turdus rufiventris).
2 Los Vulcanes, 1 Los Vulcanes - Samaipata, 4 Samaipata and 4 El Tambo.

Pale-breasted Thrush (Turdus leucomelas).
1 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz) - Okinawa.

Creamy-bellied Thrush (Turdus amaurochalinus).
4 Okinawa, 3 Lomas de Arena, 1 Camiri roed, 2 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz), 5 Laguna Suarez road, 3 Jardin Botánico Santa Cruz, 1 Villa Tunari and 3 El Castillo.

Black-billed Thrush (Turdus ignobilis).
3 Laguna Suarez road, 1 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 3 Hacienda Cutal.

White-necked Thrush (Turdus albicollis).
1 Okinawa.

Chalk-browed Mockingbird (Mimus saturninus).
14 Lomas de Arena, 3 Camiri road, 2 Trinidad, 6 Laguna Suarez road, 20 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 5 Hacienda Cutal.

White-banded Mockingbird (Mimus triurus).
1 Okinawa.

Black-capped Donacobius (Donacobius atricapillus)
20 Laguna Suarez road, 10 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 4 Hacienda Cutal.

Thrush-like Wren (Campylorhynchus turdinus)
1 Okinawa, 7 Lomas de Arena, 2 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz), 3 Laguna Suarez road, 10 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal, 10 Hacienda Cutal, 2 Jardin Botánico Santa Cruz and heard Villa Tunari.

Moustached Wren (Thryothorus genibarbis).
1 heard Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz) and 2 P.N. Carrasco.

Fawn-breasted Wren (Thryothorus guarayanus).
1 Okinawa.

House Wren (Troglodytes aedon).
2 Santa Cruz - Los Vulcanes, 8 Los Vulcanes, 2 Los Vulcanes - Samaipata, 1 Quillacolla Road, 7 El Castillo and 2 La Cumbre.

Mountain Wren (Troglodytes solstitialis).
2 Siberia, 1 El Chunal and 1 Tablas Montes.

Gray-breasted Wood-Wren (Henicorhina leucophrys).
5 Los Vulcanes and 3 Chapare road around Miguelito.

Southern Nightingale-Wren (Microcerculus marginatus).
3 P.N. Carrasco and Machis Reserve.

Masked Gnatcatcher (Polioptila dumicola).
1 Lomas de Arena,10 El Tambo and 3 Rio Mizque Valley.

White-winged Swallow (Tachycineta albiventer).
4 Okinawa and 5 Laguna Suarez road.

White-rumped Swallow (Tachycineta leucorrhoa).
1 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz), 1 Laguna Suarez Road and 5 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal.

Brown-chested Martin (Progne tapera).
2 Trinidad, 2 Trinidad - Laguna Suarez Roed, 40 Laguna Suarez road og Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal.

Gray-breasted Martin (Progne chalybea).
2 Trinidad, 2 Laguna Suarez road and 2 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal.

Brown-bellied Swallow (Notiochelidon murina).
5 Cotapata - Coroico road.

Blue-and-white Swallow (Pygochelidon cyanoleuca).
1 Samaipata, 4 El Tambo, 3 Rio Mizque Valley, 2 Tunal, 10 El Chunal - Puente Mendoza, 10 Puente Mendoza, 2 Tables Montes, 10 Chapare road, 10 Lake Titicaca, 10 El Castillo and 20 Coroico road.

Pale-footed Swallow (Notiochelidon flavipes).
8 Siberia.

Andean Swallow (Stelgidopteryx andecola).
6 Puente Mendoza, 5 Quillacolla road, 1 Lake Uru-uru, 10 Lauca N.P., 5 Putre and 3 Lake Titicaca.

Southern Rough-winged Swallow (Stelgidopteryx ruficollis).
5 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal.

Correndera Pipit (Anthus correndera).
2 Lauca N.P.

Paramo Pipit (Anthus bogotensis).
1 Siberia.

Yellowish Pipit (Anthus lutescens).
2 Lomas de Arena.
Hooded Siskin (Carduelis magellanica).
1 El Tambo, 20 Tunal, 5 El Chunal, 25 Puente Mendoza, 20 Quillacolla road and 10 Putre.

Olivaceous Siskin (Carduelis olivacea).
2 Tablas Montes.

Yellow-bellied Siskin (Carduelis xanthogastra).
1 Sorata Valley.

Black Siskin (Carduelis atrata).
5 Sorata Valley - Lake Titicaca, 15 Lake Titicaca and 2 La Cumbre.

Yellow-rumped Siskin (Carduelis uropygialis).
8 Putre.

Tropical Parula (Parula pitiayumi).
5 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz), 4 Jardin Botánico Santa Cruz, 5 Los Vulcanes, 1 Samaipata, 8 P.N. Carrasco and 1 El Castillo.

Southern Yellowthroat (Geothlypis (aequinoctialis) velata).
1 Laguna Suarez road and 1 Hacienda Cutal.
Note: Split from Masked Yellowthroat.

Slate-throated Redstart (Myioborus miniatus).
10 Los Vulcanes.

Brown-capped Redstart (Myioborus brunniceps).
1 Rio Mizque Valley, 6 El Chunal and 5 Quillacolla road.

Spectacled Redstart (Myioborus melanocephalus).
7 Siberia, 1 El Chunal, 5 Tablas Montes, 5 Coroico road and 3 Cotapata.

Two-banded Warbler (Basileuterus bivittatus).
2 Santa Cruz - Los Vulcanes, 20 Los Vulcanes, 10 Samaipata and 7 P.N. Carrasco.

Pale-legged Warbler (Basileuterus signatus).
3 Siberia, 2 El Chunal and 1 Coroico road.

Citrine Warbler (Basileuterus luteoviridis).
4 Cotapata.

Golden-crowned Warbler (Basileuterus culicivorus).
2 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal.

Three-striped Warbler (Basileuterus tristriatus).
6 Chapare road around Miguelito, 2 Coroico road and 4 El Castillo.

Neotropical River Warbler (Basileuterus rivularis).
1 P.N. Carrasco entrance.
House Sparrow (Passer domesticus).
12 El Tambo.

Rufous-collared Sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis).
Common in the higher parts of the country.

Grassland Sparrow (Ammodramus humeralis).
1 Okinawa, 2 Lomas de Arena, 2 Camiri road and 3 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz).

Yellow-browed Sparrow (Ammodramus aurifrons).
1 Hacienda Cutal and 4 Villa Tunari.

Saffron-billed Sparrow (Arremon flavirostris).
1 Los Vulcanes, 2 Samaipata and 1 El Chunal.

Rufous-naped Brush-Finch (Atlapetes rufinucha).
8 Siberia, 5 Tablas Montes, 2 Chapare road around Miguelito, 5 Near Tables Montes, 4 Cotapata, 3 Coroico road and 1 El Castillo.

Fulvous-headed Brush-Finch (Atlapetes fulviceps).
4 El Chunal and 2 Puente Mendoza.

Stripe-headed Brush-Finch (Buarremon torquatus).
2 El Chunal.

Red-crested Cardinal (Paroaria coronata).
8 Laguna Suarez road, 4 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 1 Hacienda Cutal.

Red-capped Cardinal (Paroaria gularis).
2 Okinawa, 6 Laguna Suarez road, 20 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal, 20 Hacienda Cutal and 1 Machis Reserve.

Bananaquit (Coereba flaveola).
2 Coroico road and 1 El Castillo.

Cinereous Conebill (Conirostrum cinereum).
3 Quillacolla road and 1 Sorata Valley.

White-browed Conebill (Conirostrum ferrugineiventr).
3 Siberia.

Blue-backed Conebill (Conirostrum sitticolor).
2 Siberia and 2 Tablas Montes.

Capped Conebill (Conirostrum albifrons).
2 Chapare road around Miguelito and 1 Coroico road.

Giant Conebill (Oreomanes fraseri).
2-3 Quillacolla road.
Status: Near-threatened.
Black-faced Tanager (Schistochlamys melanopis).
8 Lomas de Arena.

Grass-green Tanager (Chlorornis riefferii).
1 Tablas Montes and 3 Coroico road.

Common Bush-Tanager (Chlorospingus ophthalmicus).
6 Los Vulcanes, 8 Samaipata, 14 Siberia, 4 El Chunal, 5 Tablas Montes, 4 P.N. Carrasco, 5 Chapare road around Miguelito, 2 Near Tables Montes, 5 Coroico road and 3 El Castillo.

Orange-browed Hemispingus (Hemispingus calophrys).
1 Coroico road (C-AH).

Superciliaried Hemispingus (Hemispingus superciliaris).
1 Coroico road (C-AH).

Black-eared Hemispingus (Hemispingus melanotis).
2 Chapare road around Miguelito.

Three-striped Hemispingus (Hemispingus trifasciatus).
6 Cotapata.

Orange-headed Tanager (Thlypopsis sordida).
1 Samaipata and 10 Machis Reserve.

Rust-and-yellow Tanager (Thlypopsis ruficeps).
3 Tablas Montes, 1 Chapare road around Miguelito, 1 Near Tables Montes, 4 Coroico road and 2 El Castillo.

Guira Tanager (Hemithraupis guira).
7 Los Vulcanes.

Hooded Tanager (Nemosia pileata).
2 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal.

Olive Tanager (Chlorothraupis carmioli).
1 P.N. Carrasco.

White-shouldered Tanager (Tachyphonus luctuosus).
2 P.N. Carrasco.

Black-goggled Tanager (Trichothraupis melanops).
6 Los Vulcanes and 3 Samaipata.

Red-crowned Ant-Tanager (Habia rubica).
4 Machis Reserve.

Hepatic Tanager (Piranga flava).
5 El Tambo, 1 Rio Mizque Valley and 1 Tunal.

White-winged Tanager (Piranga leucoptera).
4 Los Vulcanes.

Silver-beaked Tanager (Ramphocelus carbo).
2 Camiri road, 2 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz), 2 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal, 2 Hacienda Cutal, 3 Los Vulcanes, 4 Villa Tunari, 4 P.N. Carrasco and 5 Machis Reserve.

Sayaca Tanager (Thraupis sayaca).
Common in the lower parts of the country. 125 birds are counted.

Palm Tanager (Thraupis palmarum).
1 Jardin Botánico Santa Cruz, 1 Los Vulcanes and 1 Machis Reserve.

Blue-capped Tanager (Thraupis cyanocephala).
1 El Chunal, 1 Chapare Road near Miguelito, 4 Tablas Montes and 1 Near Tables Montes.

Blue-and-yellow Tanager (Thraupis bonariensis).
10 El Tambo, 5 Rio Mizque Valley, 4 Tunal, 2 El Chunal, 4 Puente Mendoza and 1 Coroico road.

Hooded Mountain-Tanager (Buthraupis montana).
8 Coroico road.

Scarlet-bellied Mountain-Tanager (Anisognathus igniventris).
1 Siberia, 3 Tablas Montes, 2 Near Tables Montes, 6 Cotapata and 2 Coroico road.

Blue-winged Mountain-Tanager (Anisognathus somptuosus).
1 Near Tables Montes.

Golden-collared Tanager (Iridosornis jelskii).
1 Coroico road (C-AH).

Chestnut-bellied Mountain-Tanager (Delothraupis castaneoventris).
2 Siberia, 1 Tablas Montes and 2 Cotapata.

Fawn-breasted Tanager (Pipraeidea melanonota).
2 Los Vulcanes, 3 Samaipata, 7 P.N. Carrasco and 2 Chapare road around Miguelito.

Purple-throated Euphonia (Euphonia chlorotica).
4 Los Vulcanes.

Thick-billed Euphonia (Euphonia laniirostris).
10 Los Vulcanes.

Orange-bellied Euphonia (Euphonia xanthogaster).
4 P.N. Carrasco and 2 Chapare road around Miguelito.

Blue-naped Chlorophonia (Chlorophonia cyanea).
2 Los Vulcanes.
Paradise Tanager (Tangara chilensis).
3 Machis Reserve.

Green-and-gold Tanager (Tangara schrankii).
1 P.N. Carrasco.

Saffron-crowned Tanager (Tangara xanthocephala).
6 Chapare road around Miguelito and 4 El Castillo.

Spotted Tanager (Tangara punctata).
1 P.N. Carrasco.

Blue-browed Tanager (Tangara cyanotis).
3 Los Vulcanes.

Beryl-spangled Tanager (Tangara nigroviridis).
1 Chapare road around Miguelito.

Blue-and-black Tanager (Tangara vassorii).
2 Tablas Montes and 4 Chapare road around Miguelito.

Black-faced Dacnis (Dacnis lineata).
1 P.N. Carrasco.

Blue Dacnis (Dacnis cayana).
5 Los Vulcanes.

Purple Honeycreeper (Cyanerpes caeruleus).
6 P.N. Carrasco and 10 Machis Reserve.

Plushcap (Catamblyrhynchus diadema).
1 Cotapata.

Red-crested Finch (Coryphospingus cucullatus).
1 Okinawa, 1 Lomas de Arena, 1 Hacienda Cutal, 2 Los Vulcanes - Samaipata and 8 Samaipata.

Black-hooded Sierra-Finch (Phrygilus atriceps).
3 Quillacolla road, 10 Putre and 3 at the Bolivian border.

Peruvian Sierra-Finch (Phrygilus punensis).
20 Lake Titicaca and 10 La Cumbre.

Mourning Sierra-Finch (Phrygilus fruticeti).
20 Putre. Jeg synten vi har set den tidligere på turen?

Plumbeous Sierra-Finch (Phrygilus unicolor).
50 Quillacolla road, 10 Patacamaya, 10 Lauca N.P., 10 Putre and 10 La Cumbre.

White-throated Sierra-Finch (Phrygilus erythronotus).
8 Lauca N.P.

Ash-breasted Sierra-Finch (Phrygilus plebejus).
20 Patacamaya, 5 Lauca N.P., 10 Putre, 20 Sorata Valley and 8 La Cumbre.

Band-tailed Sierra-Finch (Phrygilus alaudinus).
2 El Chunal - Puente Mendoza and 5 Patacamaya.

Gray-crested Finch (Lophospingus griseocristatu).
100 El Tambo, 10 Rio Mizque Valley and 2 Tunal - El Tambo.

White-winged Diuca-Finch (Diuca speculifera).
10 Lauca N.P. and 4 La Cumbre.

Bolivian Warbling-Finch (Poospiza boliviana).
1 Quillacolla road.

Rufous-sided Warbling-Finch (Poospiza hypochondria).
2 El Chunal, 10 El Chunal - Puente Mendoza, 35 Puente Mendoza and 15 Quillacolla road.

Rusty-browed Warbling-Finch (Poospiza erythrophrys).
6 El Chunal.

Black-and-chestnut Warbling-Finch (Poospiza whitii).
2 Samaipata and 3 El Tambo.
Note: Sometimes regarded as a subspecies of Black-and-rufous Warbling-Finch (P. Nigrorufa).

Cochabamba Mountain-Finch (Poospiza garleppi).
2 Puente Mendoza and 8 Quillacolla road.
Status: Endangered.

Ringed Warbling-Finch (Poospiza torquata).
2 Lomas de Arena, 6 El Tambo, 1 Rio Mizque Valley, 2 El Chunal and 4 Quillacolla road.

Black-capped Warbling-Finch (Poospiza melanoleuca).
15 Samaipata, 15 El Tambo and 4 Tunal.

Puna Yellow-Finch (Sicalis lutea).
30 Lake Uru-uru.

Bright-rumped Yellow-Finch (Sicalis uropygialis).
30 Quillacolla road, 60 Lake Uru-uru and 10 Putre.

Greenish Yellow-Finch (Sicalis olivascens).
200 Quillacolla road and 5 Putre.

Saffron Finch (Sicalis flaveola).
5 Okinawa, 10 Lomas de Arena, 10 Samaipata, 100 El Tambo, 20 Rio Mizque Valley and 10 Tunal.

Wedge-tailed Grass-Finch (Emberizoides herbicola).
1 Okinawa, 1 Lomas de Arena, 2 Camiri road, 6 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz) and 1 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal

Great Pampa-Finch (Embernagra platensis).
2 Laguna Suarez road, 4 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal, 10 Hacienda Cutal, 1 El Chunal, 2 El Chunal - Puente Mendoza and 10 Puente Mendoza.

Blue-black Grassquit (Volatinia jacarina).
1 Okinawa and 2 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz).

Rusty-collared Seedeater (Sporophila collaris).
7 Laguna Suarez road and 2 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal.

Double-collared Seedeater (Sporophila caerulescens).
2 Lomas de Arena, 1 Laguna Suarez road and 10 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal.

White-bellied Seedeater (Sporophila leucoptera).
1 Okinawa, 2 Lomas de Arena, 2 Laguna Suarez road, 2 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 1 Hacienda Cutal.

Tawny-bellied Seedeater (Sporophila hypoxantha).
200 Okinawa and 10 Lomas de Arena

Rufous-rumped Seedeater (Sporophila hypochrymna).
5+ Okinawa (with 200 S. hypoxantha).
Status: Near-threatened.
Note: Also known as Gray-and-chestnut Seedeater.

Dark-throated Seedeater (Sporophila ruficollis).
4+ Okinawa (with 200 S. hypoxantha).
Status: Near-threatened.

Band-tailed Seedeater (Catamenia analis).
4 El Chunal, 10 El Chunal - Puente Mendoza, 10 Puente Mendoza, 2 Quillacolla road and 2 Cochabamba-Oruro.

Plain-colored Seedeater (Catamenia inornata).
2 Pongo.

Rusty Flower-piercer (Diglossa sittoides).
1 Los Vulcanes, 1 Samaipata, 1 El Tambo, 1 El Castillo and 2 La Cumbre.

Moustached Flower-piercer (Diglossa mystacalis).
1 Tablas Montes, 1 Cotapata and 1 Coroico road.

Black-throated Flower-piercer (Diglossa brunneiventris).
6 Sorata Valley and 2 Lake Titicaca.

Gray-bellied Flower-piercer (Diglossa carbonaria).
5 El Chunal, 3 Puente Mendoza, 2 Tablas Montes and 7 Quillacolla road.

Flower-piercer sp. (Diglossa sp).
1 P.N. Carrasco.
Note: A uniformly greyish brown flowerpiercer, lighter brown below than above, with a blackish oblong throat-patch. Probably a female or juvenile. Possibly an undescibed species since none of the known flowerpiercers seems to fit the description.

Masked Flower-piercer (Diglossopis cyanea).
1 Siberia, 3 Tablas Montes, 4 Cotapata and 3 Coroico road.

Black-backed Grosbeak (Pheucticus aureoventris).
2 Camiri road, 1 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal, 1 Jardin Botánico Santa Cruz, 1 Los Vulcanes, 2 El Tambo and 1 Puente Mendoza.

Grayish Saltator (Saltator coerulescens).
1 Okinawa, 5 Lomas de Arena, 5 Laguna Suarez road, 3 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 5 Hacienda Cutal.

Golden-billed Saltator (Saltator aurantiirostris).
1 Samaipata, 20 El Tambo, 2 Rio Mizque Valley, 4 Tunal, 10 El Chunal, 5 El Chunal - Puente Mendoza, 10 Puente Mendoza and 4 Quillacolla road.

Rufous-bellied Saltator (Saltator rufiventris).
3 El Chunal, 4 Puente Mendoza and 4 Quillacolla road.
Status: Vulnerable.

Ultramarine Grosbeak (Cyanocompsa brissonii).
1 Los Vulcanes - Samaipata, 4 Samaipata and 6 El Tambo.

Crested Oropendola (Psarocolius decumanus).
3 Okinawa, 1 Lomas de Arena, 4 Camiri road, 3 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz), 2 Laguna Suarez road, 7 Los Vulcanes, 2 Los Vulcanes - Samaipata, 8 Samaipata, 25 Villa Tunari, 10 P.N. Carrasco, 10 Chapare road around Miguelito and 8 Coroico road.

Dusky-green Oropendola (Psarocolius atrovirens).
2 Los Vulcanes, 2 Los Vulcanes - Samaipata, 2 Tablas Montes, 30 P.N. Carrasco, 4 Chapare road around Miguelito and 5 El Castillo.

Russet-backed Oropendola (Psarocolius angustifrons).
50 Villa Tunari,10 P.N. Carrasco and 8 Machis Reserve.

Amazonian Oropendola (Gymnostinops bifasciatus).
3 P.N. Carrasco, 1 Machis Reserve (TA) and 5 Villa Tunari.

Yellow-rumped Cacique (Cacicus cela).
5 Villa Tunari, 1 P.N. Carrasco and 10 Machis Reserve.

Solitary Cacique (Cacicus solitarius).
3 Laguna Suarez road, 1 Hacienda Cutal and 2 Hacienda Cutal - Trinidad.

Epaulet Oriole (Icterus cayanensis).
1 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz), 2 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal, 4 Hacienda Cutal, 4 El Tambo and 1 Villa Tunari.

Campo Oriole (Icterus jamacaii ). 
1 Okinawa, 1 Lomas de Arena, 1 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz), 1 Laguna Suarez road, 5 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal and 2 Hacienda Cutal.
Note: Sometimes regarded as a subspecies of Troupial (I. Icterus).

Yellow-winged Blackbird (Agelaius thilius).
15 Lake Titicaca.

Unicolored Blackbird (Agelaius cyanopus).
4 Laguna Suarez road and 20 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal.

White-browed Blackbird (Leistes superciliaris).
61 Okinawa, 10 Lomas de Arena and 10 Hacienda Cutal.

Scarlet-headed Blackbird (Amblyramphus holosericeus).
8 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal.

Chopi Blackbird (Gnorimopsar chopi).
50 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz) - Okinawa, 30 Lomas de Arena, 20 Camiri road, 20 Viru-Viru Airport (Santa Cruz), 12 Laguna Suarez road, 20 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal, 10 Hacienda Cutal and 10 El Tambo.

Bolivian Blackbird (Oreopsar bolivianus).
5 Quillacolla road.

Velvet-fronted Grackle (Lampropsar tanagrinus).
6 Hacienda Cutal.

Bay-winged Cowbird (Molothrus badius).
10 Trinidad, 30 Laguna Suarez road, 70 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal, 20 Hacienda Cutal, 50 El Tambo, 5 Tunal, 20 Puente Mendoza and 20 Quillacolla Road.

Screaming Cowbird (Molothrus rufoaxillaris).
3 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal.

Shiny Cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis).
20 Laguna Suarez road and 150 El Tambo.

List of mammals and Reptiles.

Dusky Titi Monkey (Callicebus moloch).
3 Okinawa.

Common Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri sciureus).
2 Viri-viru Airport (Santa Cruz).

Capybara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris).
7 Laguna Suarez Road and 4 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal.

Crab-eating Fox (Cerdocyon thous).
1 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal.

Black Howler Monkey (Alouatta caraya).
5 Hacienda Cutal.

South American Coati (Nasua nasua).
1 Hacienda Cutal and 1 Hacienda Cutal - Trinidad.

Nine-banded Armadillo SP (Dasypus sp.)
1 Hacienda Cutal - Trinidad.

Tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla).
1 Los Vulcanes.

Squirrel sp. (Sciunes sp.).
1 P.N. Carrasco.

Vicuña (Vicugna virugna).
5 Oruro - Patacamaya and 410 Lauca N.P.

Viscacha (Viscacia viscacia).
5 Lauca N.P. and 1 Sajama N.P.

Andean Fox (Dusicyon culpaeus).	
2 Lauca N.P.

Grison (Galictes cuya).
2 Lauca N.P.

Red Brocket Deer (Mazama americana).
1 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal.

White (Spetacled) Cayman. 
3 Laguna Suarez Road and 2 Trinidad - Hacienda Cutal.